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Documentation
Pages from 3 sources, kept in sync: the official NEAR documentation, documentation from teams building on NEAR, and readmes from their code. Search all of it, or start from a path below.
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Official
Validators
Learn about NEAR Protocol validators, their roles in network security, consensus mechanisms, validator economics, and how to become a validator. A…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Post validators
/openapi.json post /validators Queries active validators on the network. Returns details and the state of validation on the blockchain.
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Post experimental validators ordered
/openapi.json post /EXPERIMENTAL_validators_ordered Returns the current epoch validators ordered in the block producer order with repetition. This endpoi…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Staking & Delegation
Validator selection, delegation, withdrawal availability, and staking-pool custody. NEAR delegation uses staking-pool co…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Selecting Chunk and Block Producers
Selecting Chunk and Block Producers Background Note: this section describes the Simple Nightshade design as of March 2021. Since stateless validation (protocol version 69), block p…
Nov 4, 2026
Official
Staking NEAR Tokens
Learn how to stake NEAR, delegate to validators, track rewards, and withdraw staked tokens safely. You can delegate NEAR tokens to a validator to help secure…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Random Numbers
…dom seed is deterministic and verifiable: it comes from the validator that produced the block signing the previous block-hash with their private key. The way the random seed is cre…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Sunsetting a Staking Pool
…s. If you are a stake pool owner and want to wind down your validator service, follow these steps to ensure delegators can safely recover their funds. *** Step 1: Notify Delegators…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Deploying Your Own Contract
…d token is continuously adjusted based on rewards earned by validators. It’s calculated as exchange_rate = total_staked_near / total_liquid_token_supply and as staking rewards acc…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Applying chunk
…ply takes following inputs: • trie and current state root • validator_accounts_update • incoming_receipts • transactions and produces following outputs: • new state root • validato…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
NEAR Native Token
…See Storage Staking for storage costs and requirements. *** Validator staking NEAR uses proof of stake to secure the network. Token holders can delegate NEAR to validators, which p…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Runtime Crate
…shard on top of given trie and the given state root. If the validator accounts update is provided, updates validators accounts. All new signed transactions should be valid and alre…
Nov 4, 2026
Official
Data Types
…sh Hash used by a struct implementing the Merkle tree. type ValidatorId = usize Validator identifier in current group. type ValidatorMask = [bool] Mask which validators participate…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
NEAR CLI
Interact with NEAR through the terminal. The NEAR Command Line Interface (CLI) is a tool that enables you to interact with the NEAR network directly from the shell. Among other thi…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Epoch
… epochs in NEAR Protocol, including their duration, role in validator selection, and how they affect network operations and data retention. This section explains the concept of an …
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Using Liquid Staking
…en representing staked NEAR, enabling instant liquidity and validator diversification. Liquid staking is a modern alternative to regular staking on NEAR that solves the problem of …
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Block and Block Header
…h start hash of this block's epoch. /// Used for retrieving validator information pub epoch_id: EpochId, pub next_epoch_id: EpochId, /// Root hash of the state at the previous bloc…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Architectural Overview
…these applications through accounts and transactions, while validators process their activity across parallel parts of the network called shards. *** Accounts and smart contracts A…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Block Processing
…sh) where compute_bp_hash computes the hash of next epoch's validators. • chunk_mask does not match the size of the chunk mask is not the same as the number of shards • Approval or…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Reference Contracts
Explore NEAR contracts deployed across projects. List of contracts of various projects deployed on NEAR. This list is not exhaustive and is meant to be a reference for developers a…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
NEAR Networks
…operates on several networks, each with its own independent validators and unique state. These networks are designed to serve different purposes, from production-ready applications…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Environment
Know which account called you, how much gas and tokens were attached, and more. The environment is a set of variables and functions that are available to your smart contract when i…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Runtime
…layer, which handles consensus, block and chunk production, validator selection, and routing messages between shards. The sections below explain their responsibilities and include …
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Avoiding Token Loss
…account no longer exists, the funds will be dispersed among validators proportional to their stake in the current epoch. Deleting account with non-existent beneficiary When you del…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Post status
…nearcore node version, protocol version, the current set of validators, etc.
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Anatomy of a Transaction
Learn about the structure and components of NEAR Protocol transactions, including signers, receivers, actions, and transaction validation fields. This section explains the anatomy …
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Protocol Call Reference
Overview of tools and methods for interacting with the NEAR Protocol. NEAR Protocol provides multiple ways to interact with the network — from low-level JSON-RPC calls to visual ex…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Front-running
…s. A transaction can reveal information before it executes. Validators can inspect transactions available for inclusion and control their ordering within the blocks they produce. A…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Tutorial: Creating an Indexer
This tutorial will guide you through building an indexer using the NEAR Indexer Framework. The indexer will listen for FunctionCalls on a specific contract and log the details of e…
Nov 1, 2026
Official
Building on NEAR
Curated resources to help you start building quickly, plus the Awesome NEAR directory. This page brings together practical resources you can use right away when building on NEAR. G…
Nov 1, 2026
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