Documentation

Learn about common error patterns in NEAR protocol integrations and how to handle and troubleshoot issues in your applications. Transaction submission can fail before execution, and accepted transacti

Learn how to integrate NEAR Protocol. NEAR is an open-source, sharded proof-of-stake blockchain with support for smart contracts. | Property | Value / behavior | Reference | | - | - | - | | Native tok

Learn how a factory creates fungible token contracts on sub-accounts using a global contract ID. A factory is a smart contract that creates sub-accounts and deploys contracts onto them. Our factory ex

Prevent transaction observers from profiting by copying or reordering pending actions. A transaction can reveal information before it executes. Validators can inspect transactions available for inclus

Interact with multiple contracts in your frontend. This example showcases how to interact with multiple contracts from a single frontend. The frontend uses @hot-labs/near-connect to connect a wallet a

Secure ftontransfer deposits and ftresolvetransfer refunds in NEP-141 transfer calls. The best practice for implementing a fungible token contract is to use the contract-tools crate. However, if you n

Integrate NEP-141 fungible tokens, including balance queries, storage registration, transfers, and metadata. Fungible tokens on NEAR follow the NEP-141 standard. Each token is implemented as a smart c

Query gas prices for specific blocks or hashes using the NEAR RPC API. The RPC API enables you to query the gas price for a specific block or hash. Quick Reference | Parameter | Type | Description | |

Learn about NEAR's gas system - execution fees that prevent spam and use deterministic gas units with dynamic pricing. This section explains how gas works in the NEAR Protocol, including how it is cal

Send transactions in parallel using access keys with a prepaid gas balance and independent nonce lanes. Gas keys (NEP-611) are access keys designed for sending many transactions in parallel. They were

Deploy a contract once and reuse it across accounts. Global contracts allow contract code to be deployed once and reused across multiple accounts. With regular deployments, each account pays the full

Learn how to handle common data types when interacting with NEAR When calling methods in a contract or receiving results from them, you will need to encode/decode parameters correctly. For this, it is

Learn how Omni Bridge uses Chain Signatures to enable cross-chain transfers. The journey toward truly trustless cross-chain communication took a significant leap forward when the NEAR team created the

Explore Omni Bridge's technical architecture The Omni Bridge is a sophisticated cross-chain bridge infrastructure that enables secure and efficient token transfers between NEAR Protocol and various ot

Using data apis to retrieve the history of auctions In our frontend, we can easily display the previous bid since it's stored in the contract's state. However, we're unable to see previous bids to the

Learn how to write and run integration tests for NEAR smart contracts using Sandbox testing and realistic blockchain environments. Integration tests deploy your contract to a local NEAR Sandbox and cr

Learn about Lockup contracts on NEAR – smart contracts that escrow tokens with time-based release schedules, supporting lockups, vesting, staking, and termination by foundation. Lockup contracts act a

Learn what is localnet on NEAR. Every blockchain is essentially a peer-to-peer network made up of many computers, called nodes, that communicate with each other, share data and verify that transaction

Learn about blockchain indexers, how they work with NEAR Protocol, the difference between pull and push models, and when to use indexers for data querying. Here you will find everything you need to kn

Learn how NEAR transactions are executed and finalized Transactions are constructed by users to express the intent of performing actions in the network. Once in the network, transactions are converted

Learn about Lockup contracts on NEAR – smart contracts that escrow tokens with time-based release schedules, supporting lockups, vesting, staking, and termination by foundation. Looking to manage toke

Learn about NEP-366 meta transactions on NEAR, allowing users to execute transactions without owning gas tokens by using relayers to cover transaction fees. NEP-366 introduced the concept of meta tran

Learn how to deploy a MultiSig contract and vote on multi-chain proposals using the Abstract DAO. Now that we understand how the Abstract DAO works, it is time to use it in within an organization. Let

A unique account model that supports multiple types of addresses, access keys, and smart contracts. Users participate in the NEAR ecosystem through their NEAR accounts. These accounts are identified b

Let users sign NEAR transactions with a Web2 login — Google, Apple, email, or passkeys — with no seed phrase, secured by MPC. NEAR Auth lets your users sign real NEAR transactions using the Web2 ident

Interact with NEAR through the terminal. The NEAR Command Line Interface (CLI) is a tool that enables you to interact with the NEAR network directly from the shell. Among other things, the NEAR CLI en

Learn how data flows in NEAR Protocol, including transactions, receipts, shards, and cross-shard communication. NEAR Protocol blockchain data flow might be a bit tricky at a glance. But it is pretty s

MCP Ready LLMs.txt Ready NEAR Developer Docs Build contracts in Rust, create Web3 apps, and sign transactions on any chain from a single NEAR account. Deploy your First Contract Create, test and deplo

Learn how the intents protocol works NEAR Intents is a multichain transaction protocol where users specify what they want and let third parties compete to provide the best solution. This works for eve

Learn how Abstract DAO enables a single vote on NEAR to execute actions across multiple EVM chains. Many multi-chain organizations deploy copies of the same smart contract across multiple EVM chains,