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Documentation
Pages from 3 sources, kept in sync: the official NEAR documentation, documentation from teams building on NEAR, and readmes from their code. Search all of it, or start from a path below.
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Official
Selecting Chunk and Block Producers
Selecting Chunk and Block Producers Background Note: this section describes the Simple Nightshade design as of March 2021. Since stateless validation (protocol version 69), block p…
Nov 4, 2026
Official
Applying chunk
…ply takes following inputs: • trie and current state root • validator_accounts_update • incoming_receipts • transactions and produces following outputs: • new state root • validato…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Runtime Crate
…shard on top of given trie and the given state root. If the validator accounts update is provided, updates validators accounts. All new signed transactions should be valid and alre…
Nov 4, 2026
Official
Data Types
…sh Hash used by a struct implementing the Merkle tree. type ValidatorId = usize Validator identifier in current group. type ValidatorMask = [bool] Mask which validators participate…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Block and Block Header
…h start hash of this block's epoch. /// Used for retrieving validator information pub epoch_id: EpochId, pub next_epoch_id: EpochId, /// Root hash of the state at the previous bloc…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Block Processing
…sh) where compute_bp_hash computes the hash of next epoch's validators. • chunk_mask does not match the size of the chunk mask is not the same as the number of shards • Approval or…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Upgradability
Upgradability This part of specification describes specifics of upgrading the protocol, and touches on few different parts of the system. Three different levels of upgradability ar…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Function Call
Function Call In this section we provide an explanation how the FunctionCall action execution works, what are the inputs and what are the outputs. Suppose runtime received the foll…
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Light Client
…r { Endorsement(CryptoHash), Skip(BlockHeight) } pub struct ValidatorStakeView { pub account_id: AccountId, pub public_key: PublicKey, pub
Nov 4, 2026
Official
Accounts
Accounts Account ID NEAR Protocol has an account names system. Account ID is similar to a username. Account IDs have to follow the rules. Account ID Rules • minimum length is 2 • m…
Nov 4, 2026
Official
Transactions in the Blockchain Layer
Transactions in the Blockchain Layer A client creates a transaction, computes the transaction hash and signs this hash to get a signed transaction. Now this signed transaction can …
Nov 2, 2026
Official
Actions
Actions There are a several action types in Near: #![allow(unused)] fn main() { pub enum Action { CreateAccount(CreateAccountAction), DeployContract(DeployContractAction), Function…
Nov 4, 2026
Official
Contract Preparation
…high performance execution of the function calls , the near validator utilizes ahead-of-time preparation of the contract WASM code. Today the contract code is prepared during the e…
Nov 2, 2026
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