{"id":"XL0QFksaX24","title":"Exploring Layered Chain Abstraction: One Account, One Balance, Any Chain","description":"Chain abstraction is modular. As we approach the launch of various upcoming chain abstraction solutions, implementing them as a stack of compatible technologies will be essential. This session explores the concept of layered chain abstraction, using Particle Network as an example of the account layer.\n\nEthan Francis, Particle Network\n\nChain Abstraction Day at EthCC 2024 in Brussels on July 10th, bringing together NEAR and Agoric for our third installment in the year-long series.\n\nJoin NEAR's community:\nWebsite: https://near.org/\nNEAR AI: https://near.ai/\nTwitter:   / nearprotocol  \nBlog: https://near.org/blog/\nMedium:   / nearprotocol  \nGitHub: https://github.com/near \nDev Docs: https://docs.near.org/\n#NEAR #nearprotocol #NEARAI","channel_name":"NEAR Protocol","published_at":"2024-07-23T00:00:00.000Z","thumbnail_url":"https://img.youtube.com/vi/XL0QFksaX24/hqdefault.jpg","transcript_text":"okay good morning let's see if I can follow it up now um okay so I want to kind of take what we've been talking about a lot over the next uh or over the last few hours and kind of give it a little bit of shape in terms of what is chain abstraction and its composition so I won't talk too much about uh explaining the problem of chain abstraction I have some slides here but I'll I'll be pretty fast with that um but more so what I really want to highlight here is um how is chain abstraction composed so we we know what the kind of goal is here we know what the problem that we're solving but what does chain abstraction look like on an implantation level especially how do these different projects actually fit in together um there's a lot of projects building for chain abstraction um ourselves at particle Network included um octo socket near agoric how do they actually fit together are these all trying to solve the same problem kind of competing with one another or is it more of a synergistic collaborative framework this is what I'm going to be talking about over the next few minutes um so as a quick introduction uh my name is Ethan although I go by the Alias Tabasco um I lead develop relations at particle Network um as I'll get into a little bit later at particle Network we're building something called Universal accounts this essentially allows you as a user to have one address and one balance that you can use across the entire ecosystem so you don't need to bridge or manage multiple different wallets or do anything like this you simply have one interface for everything you can use your metamask account to basically interact with any any application across any chain without the need to bridge the first of all what I want to do is just very briefly talk about kind of uh you know why the stack needs to exist why chain abstraction needs to exist so what I want to do is start with some context as to the current state of ux in the ecosystem um I think people sometimes overblow the the issues of user experience I think user experience actually is really good in the context of one application so if you're in The Silo of a specific application user experience has a capacity to be amazing actually and very web to like you have things like social logins and such keys and can abstraction which are already live especially with evm system where you can pretty easily today create an application that is essentially removed from a lot of the complexities associated with blockchain so you can you know do things like pop-up transactions and gasless transactions and onboarding with your Google account and stuff like this so this is totally possible today but the issue of course as we've been talking about at the conference um throughout today is that this ux breaks down at a multi-chain level so this means that whenever I'm doing things across chains I want to move from this initial application that I on board into onto an application on chain B from application a on chain a this is where this user experience becomes virtually unusable for for any users because now I need to not only cognitively manage multiple balances on each chain so I have to say you know okay I have 10 eth on on ethereum I have 10 eth on on um on base and then I have some funds on polygon and how do I get these between these chains is that if I want if I do want to get these funds between chains I need to now Bridge which is a typically complicated thing it's something that could be expensive or slow or not very secure so this is an issue that users fa day which is really at a a larger multi-chain level user experience is virtually unusable and this problem actually grows stronger now because as uh as an industry we're moving towards this idea of a rollup Centric future a modular approach to scaling where applications move to chains and we see more robs pop up every single day so this is this fragmentation and this issue of multichain user experience becomes more of an issue as we kind of progress down this Ro Centric road map so of course the way that we fix this is with chain abstraction which we've talked a lot about today but what is chain abstraction actually defined as this is sort of a buzzword today so how how can you understand chain abstraction at a practical level um so we produced an article diving into this at particle um over the past few months which we try to basically give chain abstraction a more formal definition and understanding of what it actually means in which we basically attached this definition to chain abstraction which is that chain abstraction is a user experience exempt from the manual processes required to interact with multiple chains which just simply means bridging and managing multiple balances and things this nature this is essentially what chain abstraction is and this is what it aims to do and this is actually achieved by multiple different kind of interoperable solutions which I'll get to in just a moment first of all if you're interested in the definition of chain obstruction um this is an article that we like I mentioned um have been pushing quite a bit um it's been kind of like our way of removing a lot of the buzzwordy nature from chain obstruction um which you can scan on the QR code right there so of course with chain obstruction with the solution as um you know I'll kind of just touch on very briefly is that chains become invisible to end users so there's kind of two halves of impact that chain abstraction has to the eosim the first is on the actual user experience so what happens to end users chains become invisible they can interact with applications across every blockchain with a single balance and ideally a single point of interaction so I can use my metamask for every application across every chain I don't really need to worry about downloading multiple wallets or bridging and things like this so this is the user experience part of chain obstruction but chain obstruction has a deeper impact especially at the developer level so developers can create this idea of chaining ostic applications which is actually uh something that is a relatively New Concept in the Eos we talked a little bit about this on the panel this morning which is that ideally in a chain abstracted future applications are not going to be bound by any single blockchain and actually applications will compose and interact across you know 10 15 20 different blockchains simultaneously so whenever I do a transaction this can exist across multiple different ecems multiple different blockchains and this is a future where we have applications agnostic to any specific blockchain freed from the confines of any specific blockchain so this is um quite exciting I think another kind of benefit of chain obstruction that's perhaps more impactful than the kind of surface level user experience benefits okay so the kind of core idea here is understanding this we know what chain obstruction is you know how chain obstruction is defined we get why chain obstruction is needed but there's so many projects building for chain obstruction how are they actually layered together how do they exist simultaneously do they exist simultaneously so this is also a question that we wanted to answer at particle over the past few months um similar Illy to the definition we found that the vertical had kind of this problem of lacking collaboration um so a lot of projects were trying to solve the entire problem and there really wasn't much um granularity in terms of how we look at chain obstruction and how the stack looks like so this is where the layered approach comes in before the layered approach you had things like the cake framework which I'll get into um but the most important kind of idea behind the layered approach of chain obstruction is that chain obstruction is not an inherently competitive vertical it's not a zero sum game it's not a you know one winner is going to do chain abstractions then we're done with it then we've kind of completed the goal here chain abstraction is actually collaborative and I think that this kind of embodies a big part of the modular thesis which is kind of this idea of modularis and not maximalism which I think actually chain structure vertical is a good example of in terms of its kind of Market composition so like I mentioned one of the early implementations of this sort of like collaborative idea to chain abstraction is the cake framework this is done by Frontier researcher one balance who was also present earlier today um and essentially saying like here are the Technologies the granular technologies that um exists to kind of like you know be a part of chain obstruction these are the technologies that make up chain obstruction intense account obstruction um you know share Shar sequencers pre-confirmation stuff like this these are more granular technologies that enable the kind of chain of struction implementations that you see um today like with particle Network and aor and stuff like this so this is where layered chain obstruction comes in layered chain obstruction exists to basically look at the entire chain construction landscape and the projects building within it specifically and say how do these projects actually fit together on a more or collaborative basis how is chain obstruction actually implemented in a way that isn't just one project to do all chain obstruction this is where you get layers of chain obstruction so you can really understand the vertical in three key layers in three key kind of components that work together to create what is a full chain abstracted experience each one of these layers can be used individually to create a better user experience but complete chain abstraction needs to happen through the simultaneous usage of blockchain level chain abstraction account level chain abstraction and application Level chain abstraction blockchain level chain abstraction is things like polygon agay right so proof aggregation um kind of like R up collectives things like this or um optimism super chain similar chain collectives um even things like you have things like um zyns elastic chains or optimism orbit or things like this even node kit for like sequencing and what not so this is like the blockchain chain abstraction it's intrinsic interoperability between blockchains below this you have account level chain abstraction so actually bringing chain abstraction to user accounts how do users interact with the ecosystem through a means that is agnostic to any specific chain how they use one balance across chains this is what account level chain abstraction aims to solve this is the more user experienced part of this this is what I mentioned earlier in terms of how to how does chain abstraction actually affect the ux this is through account account level chain abstraction this is what we're building at particle Network application Level chain abstraction is more of the developer facing impact what I also mentioned a moment ago how does chain exraction actually affect developers and create a chain agnostic experience where they are you know ability they have the ability to compose and kind of exist simultaneously across multiple different blockchains um without being kind of confined to one or a few this is things like aor socket and Skip for example this is kind of like how you can understand the vertical it's this kind of you know interoperable usage of account level CH obstruction blockchain level chain obstruction and application Level chain obstruction this is how you get the true benefits of CH obstruction you get the user experience benefits through the means of things like Universal accounts so one balance applicable across all blockchains and you get the developer experience benefits for things like socket and a gor which allow developers to compose across the entire eem so as an example I want to take the last kind of few minutes I have here and talk about kind of exemplifying account level chain abstraction through the means of universal accounts which I talked about a moment ago but essentially Universal accounts kind of look at the account abstraction landscape um Dean mentioned this a little bit on the last uh kind of fireside chat there which is that a part of chain abstraction is account abstraction especially within the evm system so we looked at account abstraction and said well accounts are good interfaces actually to remove multiple blockchains from the user experience and to remove the kind of processes of interacting with these multiple blockchains um but by default actually account abstraction is um not very easy to apply across the multichain ecosystem because with account abstraction you're using contracts as user interaction you're using contracts as user accounts this means that if I update the contract on chain a and I um want to go to chain B then that contract is different than it was on chain a and this the state of this account is is very fragmented especially if you start getting updates and things like this so account abstraction is intrinsically difficult to get right across multiple chains and of course It suffers from the same problem that EA do and that your balances are fragmented and your account state is fragmented across these blockchains so Universal accounts basically look at the account abstraction model and say there's there's benefits to account abstraction there's a lot of things that are a part of the experience here that are important you know social recovery and gasless transactions Etc and bundle transactions things like this but they they suffer from this multi-chain problem so how do we fix this and how do we create chain abstraction at the user level and fix the issues of account abstraction at the same time this is where Universal accounts come in and essentially allow as a user you to have like I mentioned one balance that's usable everywhere and actually this exists within a smart account or kind of like an upgraded smart account that also has unified State across all chains so the state of your smart account is the same regardless of the chain that you're using there is no fragmentation if I update the smart account on chain a it'll exist the same on chain b c d Etc there's there's no differentiation here and as a user if I want to interact across chain a b c and d I have my balance if I have 10 USC on chain a and 10 USC on chain B and 10 USC on chain C I have 30 uscc and I can use this anywhere I want There's no distinction here to end users at least by default this is important this means that for users they can go to any application even if the application isn't purpose built for chain abstraction and use uh an account that allows them to really compose and exist across the ecosystem without really need to pay mind to the details of individual blockchains so more granly I won't get into too many of the details here but essentially we achiev this through a few different things the first being Universal liquidity which is essentially the technology that allows um users to access their funds across any blockchain and sort of consolidate funds across chains and you have universal gas which basically allows users to through the means of the smart account pay for gas fees with any token so I can do a transaction on polygon using eth from ethereum and pay for gas fees with UC on salana this is all possible and it's actually already live on testnet um this is what universal gas does and then we actually coordinate all of this and sort of like basically keep track of account State through a cosmos blockchain so we have a Cosmos app chain it's very much in the background and it essentially allows us to keep track of you know essentially coordinate actors across the sort of like intent Centric filler like system that allows us to then move funds across chain so it's a little more complicated this but this is essentially the kind of composition of universal accounts this is what enables this user experience of essentially having one account one balance for any chain that's about it we are building a lot in the chain exraction space like I said we also do a lot of content and articles about the chain exraction stack the chain instraction definition things like this definitely recommend learning a little bit more about that you can go to particle. network or blog. particle. network and follow us on Twitter at ptical nwk it's a great event it's been awesome so far and thank you for having me","transcript_synced_at":"2026-11-03T05:43:08.893Z","segments":[{"start_seconds":8,"text":"okay good morning let's see if I can follow it up now um okay so I want to kind of take what we've been talking","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=8s"},{"start_seconds":14,"text":"about a lot over the next uh or over the last few hours and kind of give it a little bit of shape in terms of what is","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=14s"},{"start_seconds":21,"text":"chain abstraction and its composition so I won't talk too much about uh explaining the problem of chain abstraction I have some slides here but I'll I'll be pretty fast with that um","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=21s"},{"start_seconds":30,"text":"but more so what I really want to highlight here is um how is chain abstraction composed so we we know what the kind of goal is here we know what","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=30s"},{"start_seconds":37,"text":"the problem that we're solving but what does chain abstraction look like on an implantation level especially how do these different projects actually fit in together um there's a lot of projects","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=37s"},{"start_seconds":45,"text":"building for chain abstraction um ourselves at particle Network included um octo socket near agoric how do they actually fit together are these all","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=45s"},{"start_seconds":52,"text":"trying to solve the same problem kind of competing with one another or is it more of a synergistic collaborative framework this is what I'm going to be talking about over the next few minutes","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=52s"},{"start_seconds":60,"text":"um so as a quick introduction uh my name is Ethan although I go by the Alias Tabasco um I lead develop relations at particle Network um as I'll get into a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=60s"},{"start_seconds":68,"text":"little bit later at particle Network we're building something called Universal accounts this essentially allows you as a user to have one address and one balance that you can use across the entire ecosystem so you don't need","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=68s"},{"start_seconds":76,"text":"to bridge or manage multiple different wallets or do anything like this you simply have one interface for everything you can use your metamask account to basically interact with any any","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=76s"},{"start_seconds":84,"text":"application across any chain without the need to bridge the first of all what I want to do is just very briefly talk about kind","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=84s"},{"start_seconds":91,"text":"of uh you know why the stack needs to exist why chain abstraction needs to exist so what I want to do is start with some context as to the current state of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=91s"},{"start_seconds":99,"text":"ux in the ecosystem um I think people sometimes overblow the the issues of user experience I think user experience actually is really good in the context","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=99s"},{"start_seconds":107,"text":"of one application so if you're in The Silo of a specific application user experience has a capacity to be amazing","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=107s"},{"start_seconds":114,"text":"actually and very web to like you have things like social logins and such keys and can abstraction which are already live especially with evm system where you can pretty easily today create an","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=114s"},{"start_seconds":123,"text":"application that is essentially removed from a lot of the complexities associated with blockchain so you can you know do things like pop-up transactions and gasless transactions and onboarding with your Google account","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=123s"},{"start_seconds":131,"text":"and stuff like this so this is totally possible today but the issue of course as we've been talking about at the conference um throughout today is that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=131s"},{"start_seconds":139,"text":"this ux breaks down at a multi-chain level so this means that whenever I'm doing things across chains I want to move from this initial application that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=139s"},{"start_seconds":147,"text":"I on board into onto an application on chain B from application a on chain a this is where this user experience becomes virtually unusable for for any","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=147s"},{"start_seconds":156,"text":"users because now I need to not only cognitively manage multiple balances on each chain so I have to say you know okay I have 10 eth on on ethereum I have","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=156s"},{"start_seconds":163,"text":"10 eth on on um on base and then I have some funds on polygon and how do I get these between these chains is that if I want if I do want to get these funds between chains I need to now Bridge","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=163s"},{"start_seconds":172,"text":"which is a typically complicated thing it's something that could be expensive or slow or not very secure so this is an issue that users fa day which is really","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=172s"},{"start_seconds":180,"text":"at a a larger multi-chain level user experience is virtually unusable and this problem actually grows stronger now","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=180s"},{"start_seconds":187,"text":"because as uh as an industry we're moving towards this idea of a rollup Centric future a modular approach to","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=187s"},{"start_seconds":194,"text":"scaling where applications move to chains and we see more robs pop up every single day so this is this fragmentation and this issue of multichain user","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=194s"},{"start_seconds":203,"text":"experience becomes more of an issue as we kind of progress down this Ro Centric road map so of course the way that we fix this is with chain abstraction which","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=203s"},{"start_seconds":211,"text":"we've talked a lot about today but what is chain abstraction actually defined as this is sort of a buzzword today so how how can you understand chain abstraction at a practical level um so we produced","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=211s"},{"start_seconds":219,"text":"an article diving into this at particle um over the past few months which we try to basically give chain abstraction a more formal definition and understanding","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=219s"},{"start_seconds":226,"text":"of what it actually means in which we basically attached this definition to chain abstraction which is that chain abstraction is a user experience exempt from the manual processes required to","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=226s"},{"start_seconds":235,"text":"interact with multiple chains which just simply means bridging and managing multiple balances and things this nature this is essentially what chain abstraction is and this is what it aims","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=235s"},{"start_seconds":242,"text":"to do and this is actually achieved by multiple different kind of interoperable solutions which I'll get to in just a moment first of all if you're interested in the definition of chain obstruction","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=242s"},{"start_seconds":251,"text":"um this is an article that we like I mentioned um have been pushing quite a bit um it's been kind of like our way of removing a lot of the buzzwordy nature","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=251s"},{"start_seconds":258,"text":"from chain obstruction um which you can scan on the QR code right there so of course with chain obstruction with the solution as um you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=258s"},{"start_seconds":266,"text":"know I'll kind of just touch on very briefly is that chains become invisible to end users so there's kind of two halves of impact that chain abstraction has to the eosim the first is on the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=266s"},{"start_seconds":274,"text":"actual user experience so what happens to end users chains become invisible they can interact with applications across every blockchain with a single balance and ideally a single point of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=274s"},{"start_seconds":282,"text":"interaction so I can use my metamask for every application across every chain I don't really need to worry about downloading multiple wallets or bridging and things like this so this is the user","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=282s"},{"start_seconds":291,"text":"experience part of chain obstruction but chain obstruction has a deeper impact especially at the developer level so developers can create this idea of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=291s"},{"start_seconds":299,"text":"chaining ostic applications which is actually uh something that is a relatively New Concept in the Eos we talked a little bit about this on the panel this morning which is that ideally","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=299s"},{"start_seconds":307,"text":"in a chain abstracted future applications are not going to be bound by any single blockchain and actually applications will compose and interact","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=307s"},{"start_seconds":314,"text":"across you know 10 15 20 different blockchains simultaneously so whenever I do a transaction this can exist across multiple different ecems multiple","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=314s"},{"start_seconds":322,"text":"different blockchains and this is a future where we have applications agnostic to any specific blockchain freed from the confines of any specific blockchain so this is um quite exciting","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=322s"},{"start_seconds":331,"text":"I think another kind of benefit of chain obstruction that's perhaps more impactful than the kind of surface level user experience","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=331s"},{"start_seconds":338,"text":"benefits okay so the kind of core idea here is understanding this we know what chain obstruction is you know how chain obstruction is defined we get why chain","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=338s"},{"start_seconds":346,"text":"obstruction is needed but there's so many projects building for chain obstruction how are they actually layered together how do they exist simultaneously do they exist","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=346s"},{"start_seconds":354,"text":"simultaneously so this is also a question that we wanted to answer at particle over the past few months um similar Illy to the definition we found that the vertical had kind of this","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=354s"},{"start_seconds":362,"text":"problem of lacking collaboration um so a lot of projects were trying to solve the entire problem and there really wasn't much um granularity in terms of how we","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=362s"},{"start_seconds":370,"text":"look at chain obstruction and how the stack looks like so this is where the layered approach comes in before the layered approach you had things like the cake framework which I'll get into um","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=370s"},{"start_seconds":378,"text":"but the most important kind of idea behind the layered approach of chain obstruction is that chain obstruction is not an inherently competitive vertical it's not a zero sum game it's not a you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=378s"},{"start_seconds":387,"text":"know one winner is going to do chain abstractions then we're done with it then we've kind of completed the goal here chain abstraction is actually collaborative and I think that this kind of embodies a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=387s"},{"start_seconds":395,"text":"big part of the modular thesis which is kind of this idea of modularis and not maximalism which I think actually chain structure vertical is a good example of in terms of its kind of Market","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=395s"},{"start_seconds":405,"text":"composition so like I mentioned one of the early implementations of this sort of like collaborative idea to chain abstraction is the cake framework this","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=405s"},{"start_seconds":412,"text":"is done by Frontier researcher one balance who was also present earlier today um and essentially saying like here are the Technologies the granular technologies that um exists to kind of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=412s"},{"start_seconds":420,"text":"like you know be a part of chain obstruction these are the technologies that make up chain obstruction intense account obstruction um you know share Shar sequencers pre-confirmation stuff","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=420s"},{"start_seconds":428,"text":"like this these are more granular technologies that enable the kind of chain of struction implementations that you see um today like with particle","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=428s"},{"start_seconds":435,"text":"Network and aor and stuff like this so this is where layered chain obstruction comes in layered chain obstruction exists to basically look at","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=435s"},{"start_seconds":443,"text":"the entire chain construction landscape and the projects building within it specifically and say how do these projects actually fit together on a more or collaborative basis how is chain","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=443s"},{"start_seconds":451,"text":"obstruction actually implemented in a way that isn't just one project to do all chain obstruction this is where you get layers of chain obstruction so you can really understand the vertical in","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=451s"},{"start_seconds":460,"text":"three key layers in three key kind of components that work together to create what is a full chain abstracted experience each one of these layers can","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=460s"},{"start_seconds":468,"text":"be used individually to create a better user experience but complete chain abstraction needs to happen through the simultaneous usage of blockchain level chain abstraction account level chain","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=468s"},{"start_seconds":477,"text":"abstraction and application Level chain abstraction blockchain level chain abstraction is things like polygon agay right so proof aggregation um kind of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=477s"},{"start_seconds":484,"text":"like R up collectives things like this or um optimism super chain similar chain collectives um even things like you have things like um zyns elastic chains or","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=484s"},{"start_seconds":493,"text":"optimism orbit or things like this even node kit for like sequencing and what not so this is like the blockchain chain abstraction it's intrinsic interoperability between blockchains","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=493s"},{"start_seconds":501,"text":"below this you have account level chain abstraction so actually bringing chain abstraction to user accounts how do users interact with the ecosystem through a means that is agnostic to any specific chain how they use one balance","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=501s"},{"start_seconds":510,"text":"across chains this is what account level chain abstraction aims to solve this is the more user experienced part of this this is what I mentioned earlier in terms of how to how does chain","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=510s"},{"start_seconds":518,"text":"abstraction actually affect the ux this is through account account level chain abstraction this is what we're building at particle Network application Level chain abstraction is more of the developer facing impact what I also","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=518s"},{"start_seconds":526,"text":"mentioned a moment ago how does chain exraction actually affect developers and create a chain agnostic experience where they are you know ability they have the ability to compose and kind of exist","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=526s"},{"start_seconds":534,"text":"simultaneously across multiple different blockchains um without being kind of confined to one or a few this is things like aor socket and Skip","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=534s"},{"start_seconds":542,"text":"for example this is kind of like how you can understand the vertical it's this kind of you know interoperable usage of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=542s"},{"start_seconds":549,"text":"account level CH obstruction blockchain level chain obstruction and application Level chain obstruction this is how you get the true benefits of CH obstruction you get the user experience benefits through the means of things like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=549s"},{"start_seconds":557,"text":"Universal accounts so one balance applicable across all blockchains and you get the developer experience benefits for things like socket and a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=557s"},{"start_seconds":564,"text":"gor which allow developers to compose across the entire eem so as an example I want to take the last kind of few minutes I have here and talk about kind","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=564s"},{"start_seconds":572,"text":"of exemplifying account level chain abstraction through the means of universal accounts which I talked about a moment ago but essentially Universal accounts kind of look at the account abstraction landscape um Dean mentioned","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=572s"},{"start_seconds":580,"text":"this a little bit on the last uh kind of fireside chat there which is that a part of chain abstraction is account abstraction especially within the evm system so we looked at account","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=580s"},{"start_seconds":588,"text":"abstraction and said well accounts are good interfaces actually to remove multiple blockchains from the user experience and to remove the kind of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=588s"},{"start_seconds":596,"text":"processes of interacting with these multiple blockchains um but by default actually account abstraction is um not very easy to apply across the multichain","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=596s"},{"start_seconds":604,"text":"ecosystem because with account abstraction you're using contracts as user interaction you're using contracts as user accounts this means that if I","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=604s"},{"start_seconds":612,"text":"update the contract on chain a and I um want to go to chain B then that contract is different than it was on chain a and this the state of this account is is","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=612s"},{"start_seconds":620,"text":"very fragmented especially if you start getting updates and things like this so account abstraction is intrinsically difficult to get right across multiple chains and of course It suffers from the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=620s"},{"start_seconds":628,"text":"same problem that EA do and that your balances are fragmented and your account state is fragmented across these blockchains so Universal accounts basically look at the account abstraction model and say there's","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=628s"},{"start_seconds":637,"text":"there's benefits to account abstraction there's a lot of things that are a part of the experience here that are important you know social recovery and gasless transactions Etc and bundle","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=637s"},{"start_seconds":644,"text":"transactions things like this but they they suffer from this multi-chain problem so how do we fix this and how do we create chain abstraction at the user level and fix the issues of account","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=644s"},{"start_seconds":652,"text":"abstraction at the same time this is where Universal accounts come in and essentially allow as a user you to have like I mentioned one balance that's","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=652s"},{"start_seconds":660,"text":"usable everywhere and actually this exists within a smart account or kind of like an upgraded smart account that also has unified State across all chains so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=660s"},{"start_seconds":667,"text":"the state of your smart account is the same regardless of the chain that you're using there is no fragmentation if I update the smart account on chain a it'll exist the same on chain b c d Etc","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=667s"},{"start_seconds":677,"text":"there's there's no differentiation here and as a user if I want to interact across chain a b c and d I have my balance if I have 10 USC on chain a and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=677s"},{"start_seconds":684,"text":"10 USC on chain B and 10 USC on chain C I have 30 uscc and I can use this anywhere I want There's no distinction","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=684s"},{"start_seconds":691,"text":"here to end users at least by default this is important this means that for users they can go to any application even if the application isn't purpose built for chain abstraction and use uh","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=691s"},{"start_seconds":700,"text":"an account that allows them to really compose and exist across the ecosystem without really need to pay mind to the details of individual","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=700s"},{"start_seconds":708,"text":"blockchains so more granly I won't get into too many of the details here but essentially we achiev this through a few different things the first being Universal liquidity which is essentially","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=708s"},{"start_seconds":715,"text":"the technology that allows um users to access their funds across any blockchain and sort of consolidate funds across chains and you have universal gas which","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=715s"},{"start_seconds":723,"text":"basically allows users to through the means of the smart account pay for gas fees with any token so I can do a transaction on polygon using eth from","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=723s"},{"start_seconds":731,"text":"ethereum and pay for gas fees with UC on salana this is all possible and it's actually already live on testnet um this is what universal gas does and then we","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=731s"},{"start_seconds":739,"text":"actually coordinate all of this and sort of like basically keep track of account State through a cosmos blockchain so we have a Cosmos app chain it's very much in the background and it essentially","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=739s"},{"start_seconds":747,"text":"allows us to keep track of you know essentially coordinate actors across the sort of like intent Centric filler like system that allows us to then move funds","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=747s"},{"start_seconds":755,"text":"across chain so it's a little more complicated this but this is essentially the kind of composition of universal accounts this is what enables this user experience of essentially having one","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=755s"},{"start_seconds":763,"text":"account one balance for any chain that's about it we are building a lot in the chain exraction space like I said we also do a lot of content and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=763s"},{"start_seconds":770,"text":"articles about the chain exraction stack the chain instraction definition things like this definitely recommend learning a little bit more about that you can go to particle. network or blog. particle.","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=770s"},{"start_seconds":778,"text":"network and follow us on Twitter at ptical nwk it's a great event it's been awesome so far and thank you for having me","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24&t=778s"}],"youtube_url":"https://youtube.com/watch?v=XL0QFksaX24","url":"https://near-pedia.xyz/videos/XL0QFksaX24"}