{"id":"CwB_Cw5XoBE","title":"S-Tier Tech Scaling for Trillions of Agents - Bowen Wang","description":"Scaling NEAR Protocol for AI Agents: 1M TPS & 200ms Blocks\n\nSpeaker: Bowen Wang, NEAR One\nhttps://x.com/BowenWang18\n\nBowen Wang from NEAR One explains how NEAR Protocol is scaling to support AI-driven economies with 1 million transactions per second (TPS) and 200ms block times. As AI agents become more integrated into daily life—handling payments, investments, and contracts—blockchain provides the open financial layer and trustless settlement needed for their autonomy.\n\nIn this talk, Bowen details how NEAR’s sharding architecture enables linear scaling, allowing the network to expand as demand grows. He also discusses the latest improvements, including dynamic shard splitting, parallel execution, and consensus-execution separation, which will dramatically boost NEAR's speed and efficiency. If you're building AI-powered applications or exploring blockchain scalability, this is a must-watch.\n\nKey Takeaways:\n• Blockchain is essential for AI agents, providing a trustless settlement layer and permissionless financial infrastructure.\n• NEAR scales dynamically by adding shards as demand increases, ensuring it can handle trillions of AI transactions.\n• Parallel execution and optimistic runtime improve efficiency, reducing congestion and increasing throughput.\n• Upcoming upgrades will lower block times from 1.1 seconds to 200ms and scale throughput to 1 million TPS.\n• Consensus-execution separation allows nodes to process transactions continuously, improving responsiveness and scalability.\n\nTimestamps:\n00:00 – Introduction: AI agents and blockchain’s role\n01:02 – Why AI agents need an open financial system\n02:30 – The importance of blockchain as a trustless settlement layer\n03:59 – NEAR’s sharded architecture and how it scales\n05:30 – Increasing to 50 shards for 1M TPS\n06:50 – Dynamic shard splitting and upcoming mainnet upgrade\n08:06 – Optimistic runtime and parallel execution for higher throughput\n09:10 – Reducing block times from 1.1s to 400ms in April\n10:57 – Consensus-execution separation and the path to 200ms blocks\n12:31 – Closing thoughts: Building the future of AI-powered commerce\n\nNEAR is the Blockchain for AI\nWebsite: https://near.org/\nNEAR AI: https://near.ai/\nIntents: https://near.org/intents\nChain Abstraction: https://www.proximity.dev/\nSharding: https://nearone.org/\n\nFor the devs\nGitHub: https://github.com/near \nDev Docs: https://docs.near.org/\nDevhub: https://devhub.near.page/ @NEARDevHub\n\nConnect with socials\nTwitter:   / nearprotocol  \nBlog: https://near.org/blog/\nMedium:   / nearprotocol  \n#NEAR #nearprotocol #NEARAI","channel_name":"NEAR Protocol","published_at":"2025-02-28T00:00:00.000Z","thumbnail_url":"https://img.youtube.com/vi/CwB_Cw5XoBE/hqdefault.jpg","transcript_text":"yeah thanks everyone for coming um I'll start talking about um scaling and how uh wise needed for uh AI agents okay so I think uh let's start from uh wait okay screen doesn't let's just start from the um uh the world that we're giving today uh AI being like more and more uh powerful and uh more and more into our everyday life um and as a result I think it's natural to project that uh in the next several years there will be more um AI agents coming up and they will be more integrated into our daily lives uh you can imagine AI agents that do things like pay bills manage your Investments uh making phone calls for you and Etc so that's kind of the um I think most people would agree with like you know what's going to happen in the next like you know several years um um okay but why why do we need blockchain right how how is it even relevant here uh so I think there are mainly two aspect to this one is that uh you need a open uh Finance Financial layer that can that that allows you to uh truly Empower those autonomous AI agents um so if you look at the current Financial system today um what is lacking is like you know let's say you want to actually receive funding or you want to like uh let's say manage the investment and so on you often need to go through a QC um for example um even if like none of those things are happening even if you just want to start a business or whatever uh that's uh kind of a necessary step and that doesn't work very well for a agents um and what would work very well is uh this open and per permissionless platform where uh you know you can just permission receive uh and manage asset another important aspect is that uh you need a settlement layer between all of those agents that's neutral and also open uh so imagine like if let's say we have like you know billions or even trillions of agents and everyone has like tens of them um you need some way for them to kind of talk to each other connect with each other and potentially also setle agreements among each other maybe that's a trade maybe it's a uh it's a it's a financial agreement maybe it's a contract something else um and you need uh you need a place that allows to uh to do the settlement uh and you need something that doesn't really um bias towards uh some specific AI agents uh if you have a company behind that is uh likely going to be the case Okay so uh now that we talk about uh why blockchain is needed uh why is interesting for the prolation of AI agents uh I think uh it's important to examine what properties the Brad we actually need um I think scalability here is extremely important uh because you know agents will be quite easy to create uh there'll be some simple interface to create them and as a result there will be likely a ton of them uh and if we don't have this very scalable infrastructure then um likely though you run into some problem like you know congestion and uh degradation of the experience uh and overall just like won't be able to uh be the platform uh where like trillions of Agents can uh trade and settle and and manage uh their assets uh so yeah what's uh um what's unique about near and why it plays an important role here um I think important thing is that we have this shed broad chain design from the very beginning uh and the seut scales um linearly with number of shards so as more AI Agents come on board uh we can scale the broad Chain by adding more shards uh to cater to that need uh and something that's uh much less talk about is that we have this U very interesting feature on the blockchain that allows you to um pause a transaction in the middle um and potentially do some offchain computation and then come back with the result of the computation and resume the same transaction and and you can imagine this is pretty good for uh AI cases for example if you need to run some inference uh do some uh database query number crunching uh analytics uh you can do that in the same transaction and just pause it there and then then transaction comes back later and I resume the same transaction to the end with that said I want to talk a bit about uh what we're trying to do for 2025 uh there are two main goals for skating uh one is 1 million transaction per second and two is 200 millisecond blocks okay let's start with with the first one uh 1 million TPS um so I want to first talk about like roughly how it's going to work uh just doesn't come out of nowhere uh so the idea is that we have we have a sharting from the beginning and uh since we launched n 2.0 last year system is fully shed so basically if you add more shards then you'll get more throughput and you can roughly think of the throughput as the uh seut of uh the number of shards times the serut per Shard um and you know we can imagine a word where we have 50 shards then you know if we have 20K TPS per Shard then that gives rise to roughly 1 million TPS so what do we need to get there uh so one thing we need is like actually to to get to let's say 50 shards so today we have uh six shards on Main um you know how do we get to 50 shards so it's through this uh mechanism called rearing so basically this is a very effective uh efficient way in the protocol to split uh one Shard into two shards based on some uh boundary account right so let's say we can um let's say we have a chart where it's um includes all the account from Alice near to Bob near uh to split into two uh two shards let's say we sprit uh we determine somehow that the boundary is uh b. near uh then uh the sprit can be from alice. near to b. near and then from b. near to bob. near um and uh because of the steros validation setup that we have today we also need the uh rearing to finish in one block uh so that it can actually um people can actually validate validators can actually validated the state transition uh so uh it's a pretty complex uh heavy lifting and uh I won't go into the a lot of the technical details on how exactly that works uh but surises to say that now we have this mechanism and it's going to go out to main net next week uh so in this release we're going to split um two of the shards and into two uh so we're going to increase from six shards on Main net into eight shards on Main net uh releases going to happen next week uh and then uh so that's kind of the sh uh how you get to many shards but also uh that's not enough you also need to um you also need each shart to be very performant as well um so there are a couple of uh important uh optimizations that we're working on uh one is is optimistic runtime execution uh so this is kind of to wrong the execution in parallel with the code that actually validates all the transactions are valid um today is they wrong sequentially and that actually just uh eats up a lot of time when you have let's say 10,000 transaction uh that all need to be applied uh and the other one is actually the parallel execution of transactions and receipt uh so actually our around time because already asynchronous um all the receipts taring different accounts can be parallelized without uh worrying about the the outcome uh so the order doesn't actually matter uh there what matters is um the order of uh receipts touching the same account uh so we can Leverage that and effectively pariz our own time okay so uh let's move on to the to the next go which is 200 MC blocks uh just to give some uh background information on like you know where we uh how how we arrived to this go uh so when we released the N 2.0 uh last year uh we actually dramatically improved the single sh processing speed uh because we require all the node uh to run the chunk application uh to have the stating memory so when the applyer chunk uh all the state is already loaded into memory so you don't have this um performance problem where like some database reads might be super slow uh so it already become much faster and also much much more stable uh we didn't have we didn't change uh the block time at the at the time of the release because uh we we want to see how it goes first uh making sure that um uh it's stable uh and everything works properly uh so with uh number of optimizations we've done things uh we are actually ready to reduce the block time um so we are actually working on this uh um this release that's going to come uh after the release going to go out next week uh so that in that release will reduce the block time to 400 milliseconds um and that's going to be a great improvement over today which is about like 1.1 second uh and it will bring a huge benefit to thear EOS system meaning all the application running on near will be much faster um and especially def application because they often require uh multiple receipts multiple helps um and that uh uh the effect will be um very uh very great Improvement um and uh uh yeah because of that we'll have a subsecond finality as well uh which is also very nice and all of that's going to happen in April uh but that's obviously not the end of it uh so we're working on this uh bigger initiative called the separation of consensus and exclusion so roughly what it means is that um today we have uh you know you know you produce a block and then people apply the block and then you know the the next block getting um produced through consensus and then you apply that one uh so the downside here is that um the node are not constantly running the uh processing transaction sometimes you actually wait uh for a block to be produced so is like waiting there uh idle uh so that's uh what we're trying to do in this uh uh in this big change is that basically we're trying to to set separate those uh those two things uh so what will happen is a consensus were wrong just separately they were constantly wrong just like all the transactions um and then the blocks were getting produced and then separately the execution Tred to catch up um and uh from time to time the the Chun producer gets uh sound blocks um applied and then they have the new state rout and they would actually submit this um State roote uh proposal from from time to time on what the new state rout may be um yeah this is kind of a um overview of like how it works in the Shing uh setup so the this idea is is actually not new like people have been working on uh the research related to this for a couple years now and there are uh some blockchains that have already adopted it um but no one has um done this for a shed blockchain uh this primarily because sharting is already very complex and if you layer this on top of sharting it's even more complex um and that's why even even if you just look at this diagram it'll probably be like what am I actually looking at um it is yeah it is quite complex um but luckily we already have the design uh flashed out and uh we're working on the implementation of this so what this means is that um it will give us two things one is that the block will be even faster because we don't actually wait for execution uh so that basically you um they the only thing you do there just like other transaction package uh package them into blocks uh so it allow us to wrong uh to have the even faster block production time that's where the 200 millisecond block time go comes from uh but also higher seut because um the nose constantly will be constantly executing transactions and receipts um and they're not actually wasting any time waiting for uh consensus to be achieved uh so the S will be higher as well and this is also one of the ways we will get uh suut improvements uh for Single Shard okay so yeah uh looking forward uh we we will uh hopefully by this by the end of this year we'll have extremely fast and scalable chain 20 M second block 1 million transaction per second uh and that would be a perfect uh settlement and financial layer for a agents um however many they may be uh so yeah it's an exciting future to look forward to and um that's it thanks","transcript_synced_at":"2026-11-03T05:05:05.109Z","segments":[{"start_seconds":0,"text":"yeah thanks everyone for coming um I'll start talking about um scaling and how","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=0s"},{"start_seconds":6,"text":"uh wise needed for uh AI agents okay so I think uh let's start","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=6s"},{"start_seconds":14,"text":"from uh wait okay screen doesn't let's just start from the um uh the world that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=14s"},{"start_seconds":23,"text":"we're giving today uh AI being like more and more uh powerful and uh more and more into our everyday life um and as a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=23s"},{"start_seconds":31,"text":"result I think it's natural to project that uh in the next several years there will be more um AI agents coming up and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=31s"},{"start_seconds":39,"text":"they will be more integrated into our daily lives uh you can imagine AI agents that do things like pay bills manage your Investments uh making phone calls","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=39s"},{"start_seconds":48,"text":"for you and Etc so that's kind of the um I think most people would agree with like you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=48s"},{"start_seconds":56,"text":"know what's going to happen in the next like you know several years um um okay but why why do we need blockchain right how how is it even relevant here uh so I","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=56s"},{"start_seconds":65,"text":"think there are mainly two aspect to this one is that uh you need a open uh","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=65s"},{"start_seconds":72,"text":"Finance Financial layer that can that that allows you to uh truly Empower those autonomous AI agents um so if you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=72s"},{"start_seconds":82,"text":"look at the current Financial system today um what is lacking is like you know let's say you want to actually","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=82s"},{"start_seconds":89,"text":"receive funding or you want to like uh let's say manage the investment and so on you often need to go through a QC um","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=89s"},{"start_seconds":96,"text":"for example um even if like none of those things are happening even if you just want to start a business or whatever uh that's uh kind of a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=96s"},{"start_seconds":104,"text":"necessary step and that doesn't work very well for a agents um and what would","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=104s"},{"start_seconds":111,"text":"work very well is uh this open and per permissionless platform where uh you know you can just permission receive uh","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=111s"},{"start_seconds":118,"text":"and manage asset another important aspect is that uh you need a settlement layer between all of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=118s"},{"start_seconds":125,"text":"those agents that's neutral and also open uh so imagine like if let's say we have like you know billions or even trillions of agents and everyone has","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=125s"},{"start_seconds":134,"text":"like tens of them um you need some way for them to kind of talk to each other connect with each other and potentially also setle agreements among each other","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=134s"},{"start_seconds":143,"text":"maybe that's a trade maybe it's a uh it's a it's a financial agreement maybe it's a contract something else um and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=143s"},{"start_seconds":150,"text":"you need uh you need a place that allows to uh to do the settlement uh and you need something that doesn't really um","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=150s"},{"start_seconds":157,"text":"bias towards uh some specific AI agents uh if you have a company behind that is uh likely going to be the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=157s"},{"start_seconds":165,"text":"case Okay so uh now that we talk about uh why blockchain is needed uh why is interesting for the prolation of AI","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=165s"},{"start_seconds":174,"text":"agents uh I think uh it's important to examine what properties the Brad we actually need um I think scalability","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=174s"},{"start_seconds":183,"text":"here is extremely important uh because you know agents will be quite easy to create uh there'll be some simple interface to create them and as a result","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=183s"},{"start_seconds":191,"text":"there will be likely a ton of them uh and if we don't have this very scalable infrastructure then um likely though you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=191s"},{"start_seconds":200,"text":"run into some problem like you know congestion and uh degradation of the experience uh and overall just like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=200s"},{"start_seconds":207,"text":"won't be able to uh be the platform uh where like trillions of Agents can uh trade and settle and and manage uh their","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=207s"},{"start_seconds":216,"text":"assets uh so yeah what's uh um what's unique about near and why it plays an important role here um I think important","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=216s"},{"start_seconds":224,"text":"thing is that we have this shed broad chain design from the very beginning uh and the seut scales um linearly with","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=224s"},{"start_seconds":231,"text":"number of shards so as more AI Agents come on board uh we can scale the broad Chain by adding more shards uh to cater to that need","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=231s"},{"start_seconds":239,"text":"uh and something that's uh much less talk about is that we have this U very interesting feature on the blockchain that allows you to um pause a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=239s"},{"start_seconds":247,"text":"transaction in the middle um and potentially do some offchain computation and then come back with the result of the computation and resume the same","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=247s"},{"start_seconds":255,"text":"transaction and and you can imagine this is pretty good for uh AI cases for example if you need to run some","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=255s"},{"start_seconds":262,"text":"inference uh do some uh database query number crunching uh analytics uh you can do that in the same transaction and just","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=262s"},{"start_seconds":269,"text":"pause it there and then then transaction comes back later and I resume the same transaction to the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=269s"},{"start_seconds":277,"text":"end with that said I want to talk a bit about uh what we're trying to do for 2025 uh there are two main goals for","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=277s"},{"start_seconds":284,"text":"skating uh one is 1 million transaction per second and two is 200 millisecond blocks okay let's start with with the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=284s"},{"start_seconds":293,"text":"first one uh 1 million TPS um so I want to first talk about like roughly how it's going to work uh just doesn't come","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=293s"},{"start_seconds":300,"text":"out of nowhere uh so the idea is that we have we have a sharting from the beginning and uh since we launched n 2.0 last year system is fully shed so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=300s"},{"start_seconds":309,"text":"basically if you add more shards then you'll get more throughput and you can roughly think of the throughput as the uh seut of uh the number of shards times","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=309s"},{"start_seconds":317,"text":"the serut per Shard um and you know we can imagine a word where we have 50 shards then you know if we have 20K TPS","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=317s"},{"start_seconds":325,"text":"per Shard then that gives rise to roughly 1 million TPS so what do we need to get there uh so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=325s"},{"start_seconds":332,"text":"one thing we need is like actually to to get to let's say 50 shards so today we have uh six shards on Main um you know","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=332s"},{"start_seconds":339,"text":"how do we get to 50 shards so it's through this uh mechanism called rearing so basically this is a very effective uh","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=339s"},{"start_seconds":346,"text":"efficient way in the protocol to split uh one Shard into two shards based on some uh boundary account right so let's","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=346s"},{"start_seconds":353,"text":"say we can um let's say we have a chart where it's um includes all the account from Alice near to Bob near uh to split","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=353s"},{"start_seconds":363,"text":"into two uh two shards let's say we sprit uh we determine somehow that the boundary is uh b. near uh then uh the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=363s"},{"start_seconds":371,"text":"sprit can be from alice. near to b. near and then from b. near to bob.","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=371s"},{"start_seconds":375,"text":"near um and uh because of the steros validation setup that we have today we also need the uh rearing to finish in","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=375s"},{"start_seconds":384,"text":"one block uh so that it can actually um people can actually validate validators can actually validated the state transition uh so uh it's a pretty","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=384s"},{"start_seconds":393,"text":"complex uh heavy lifting and uh I won't go into the a lot of the technical details on how exactly that works uh but","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=393s"},{"start_seconds":401,"text":"surises to say that now we have this mechanism and it's going to go out to main net next week uh so in this release","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=401s"},{"start_seconds":408,"text":"we're going to split um two of the shards and into two uh so we're going to increase from six shards on Main net","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=408s"},{"start_seconds":416,"text":"into eight shards on Main net uh releases going to happen next week uh and then uh so that's kind of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=416s"},{"start_seconds":423,"text":"the sh uh how you get to many shards but also uh that's not enough you also need to um you also need each shart to be","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=423s"},{"start_seconds":431,"text":"very performant as well um so there are a couple of uh important uh optimizations that we're working on uh","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=431s"},{"start_seconds":439,"text":"one is is optimistic runtime execution uh so this is kind of to wrong the execution in parallel with the code that actually validates all the transactions","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=439s"},{"start_seconds":446,"text":"are valid um today is they wrong sequentially and that actually just uh eats up a lot of time when you have let's say 10,000 transaction uh that all","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=446s"},{"start_seconds":455,"text":"need to be applied uh and the other one is actually the parallel execution of transactions and receipt uh so actually our around time because already","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=455s"},{"start_seconds":463,"text":"asynchronous um all the receipts taring different accounts can be parallelized without uh worrying about the the outcome uh so the order doesn't actually","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=463s"},{"start_seconds":471,"text":"matter uh there what matters is um the order of uh receipts touching the same account uh so we can Leverage that and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=471s"},{"start_seconds":480,"text":"effectively pariz our own time okay so uh let's move on to the to the next go which is 200 MC blocks uh","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=480s"},{"start_seconds":489,"text":"just to give some uh background information on like you know where we uh how how we arrived to this go uh so when we released the N 2.0 uh last year uh we","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=489s"},{"start_seconds":499,"text":"actually dramatically improved the single sh processing speed uh because we require all the node uh to run the chunk","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=499s"},{"start_seconds":507,"text":"application uh to have the stating memory so when the applyer chunk uh all the state is already loaded into memory so you don't have this um performance","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=507s"},{"start_seconds":515,"text":"problem where like some database reads might be super slow uh so it already become much faster and also much much more stable uh we didn't have we didn't","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=515s"},{"start_seconds":524,"text":"change uh the block time at the at the time of the release because uh we we want to see how it goes first uh making sure that um uh it's stable uh and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=524s"},{"start_seconds":533,"text":"everything works properly uh so with uh number of optimizations we've done things uh we are actually ready to reduce the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=533s"},{"start_seconds":541,"text":"block time um so we are actually working on this uh um this release that's going to come uh after the release going to go","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=541s"},{"start_seconds":550,"text":"out next week uh so that in that release will reduce the block time to 400 milliseconds um and that's going to be a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=550s"},{"start_seconds":557,"text":"great improvement over today which is about like 1.1 second uh and it will bring a huge benefit to thear EOS system meaning all the application running on","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=557s"},{"start_seconds":566,"text":"near will be much faster um and especially def application because they often require uh multiple receipts multiple helps um and that uh uh the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=566s"},{"start_seconds":575,"text":"effect will be um very uh very great Improvement um and uh uh yeah because of that we'll","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=575s"},{"start_seconds":584,"text":"have a subsecond finality as well uh which is also very nice and all of that's going to happen in April uh but","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=584s"},{"start_seconds":591,"text":"that's obviously not the end of it uh so we're working on this uh bigger initiative called the separation of consensus and exclusion so roughly what","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=591s"},{"start_seconds":600,"text":"it means is that um today we have uh you know you know you produce a block and then people apply the block and then you know the the next block getting um","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=600s"},{"start_seconds":609,"text":"produced through consensus and then you apply that one uh so the downside here is that um the node are not constantly running the uh processing transaction","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=609s"},{"start_seconds":618,"text":"sometimes you actually wait uh for a block to be produced so is like waiting there uh idle uh so that's uh what we're trying to do in this uh uh in this big","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=618s"},{"start_seconds":627,"text":"change is that basically we're trying to to set separate those uh those two things uh so what will happen is a consensus were wrong just separately they were constantly wrong just like all","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=627s"},{"start_seconds":636,"text":"the transactions um and then the blocks were getting produced and then separately the execution Tred to catch up um and uh from time to time the the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=636s"},{"start_seconds":645,"text":"Chun producer gets uh sound blocks um applied and then they have the new state rout and they would actually submit this","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=645s"},{"start_seconds":652,"text":"um State roote uh proposal from from time to time on what the new state rout may be um yeah this is kind of a um overview","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=652s"},{"start_seconds":661,"text":"of like how it works in the Shing uh setup so the this idea is is actually not new like people have been working on","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=661s"},{"start_seconds":669,"text":"uh the research related to this for a couple years now and there are uh some blockchains that have already adopted it um but no one has um done this for a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=669s"},{"start_seconds":678,"text":"shed blockchain uh this primarily because sharting is already very complex and if you layer this on top of sharting it's even more complex um and that's why","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=678s"},{"start_seconds":686,"text":"even even if you just look at this diagram it'll probably be like what am I actually looking at um it is yeah it is","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=686s"},{"start_seconds":694,"text":"quite complex um but luckily we already have the design uh flashed out and uh we're working on the implementation of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=694s"},{"start_seconds":702,"text":"this so what this means is that um it will give us two things one is that the block will be even faster because we don't actually wait for execution uh so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=702s"},{"start_seconds":710,"text":"that basically you um they the only thing you do there just like other transaction package uh package them into blocks uh so it allow us to wrong uh to","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=710s"},{"start_seconds":719,"text":"have the even faster block production time that's where the 200 millisecond block time go comes from uh but also","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=719s"},{"start_seconds":726,"text":"higher seut because um the nose constantly will be constantly executing transactions and receipts um and they're not actually wasting any time waiting","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=726s"},{"start_seconds":735,"text":"for uh consensus to be achieved uh so the S will be higher as well and this is also one of the ways we will get uh suut","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=735s"},{"start_seconds":744,"text":"improvements uh for Single Shard okay so yeah uh looking forward uh","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=744s"},{"start_seconds":751,"text":"we we will uh hopefully by this by the end of this year we'll have extremely fast and scalable chain 20 M second block 1 million transaction per second","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=751s"},{"start_seconds":760,"text":"uh and that would be a perfect uh settlement and financial layer for a agents um however many they may be uh so yeah it's an exciting future to look","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=760s"},{"start_seconds":768,"text":"forward to and um that's it thanks","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE&t=768s"}],"youtube_url":"https://youtube.com/watch?v=CwB_Cw5XoBE","url":"https://near-pedia.xyz/videos/CwB_Cw5XoBE"}