{"id":"75hO1j-T1LY","title":"Wasm Chains: Featuring NEAR Protocol","description":"\"Wasm (WebAssembly), is rapidly emerging as a global standard for deterministic, cross-platform computation across many platforms. Many of the leading next-generation blockchain platforms are adopting this technology and designing smart contract virtual machines based on Wasm.\" \n\nHere, Illia Polosukhin, Co-Founder of NEAR Protocol, talks about the under-the-hood technologies that enable blockchain, the cloud and beyond, and what blockchain smart contract development will look like in the not-too-distant future. \n\nThis is a technical, \"tech talk\"-style event. \n\nThis event was recorded in Osaka on on October 12th, 2019 as part of Devcon5.\n\n--\nFor more information on NEAR Protocol: https://nearprotocol.com\nDiscord: https://near.ai/discord\nTwitter: https://near.ai/twitter\nGitHub: https://near.ai/github","channel_name":"NEAR Protocol","published_at":"2020-01-03T00:00:00.000Z","thumbnail_url":"https://img.youtube.com/vi/75hO1j-T1LY/hqdefault.jpg","transcript_text":"I just wanna thank everyone for coming that is you know we know how rainy and scary it's happening here due to rising conditions I will not take too much time so we can now hit the bars and actually know enjoyed the rainy weather outside while drinking inside so this was actually presentation for webassembly part so oh but I'll go quickly and mention some things about near protocol quick show of hands who actually is familiar was near protocol all right cool yeah so we have a pretty interesting team which comes from a background in industry where we have built distributed systems so me myself I worked on tensorflow on distributed machine learning at Google my co-founder alex and a few of our engineers worked on charlotte database called mem sequel which is used by a lot of kind of evil corporations in the world we also have engineers from Facebook consensus our kind of core team of engineers coming from this thing called ICM ICPC which is international competitive programming where you know you're given five hours you need to solve blockchain type of problems and you get judged by that and we actually have a lot of kind of founder DNA so nine people out of 30 actually has tried to start or started a company before so we raised really good like crowns from really good investors around the world as well as we are about 30 people now and still growing so if you interested let us know now what is actually building right there's a lot of kind of protocols trying to build a new for example token trying to build a new application platform we're really interested in kind of building something that's accessible to regular developer and is actually better than what people right now using them to all right so one of the kind of main focus is on experience making sure developer experience and end-user experience is actually on par or even better that existing systems like in general we think that this kind of platform can provide a new wave of innovation right because at least from the things we observe right now there's less and less new things you can build on the left to because big companies like Facebook Google they can actually build the same things you can track what you're doing and pretty much push to users products that are maybe subpar to something more innovative but pretty much take over the market right away now to actually achieve that you need scalability so I we just had a great panel that was talking about how to like that from our perspective sharding or some form of like parallel processing is the only way to actually get the scalability there's Lane before was talking about that you can actually scale up one kind of one change or some sounds of processing the from our perspective one of the main kind of concerns is that unless you start scaling up hardware and solana for example is an approach like that there's only that many transactions or make that much processing you can do on one machine actually even more interesting there's been some work on medium right now if you remove all the consensus part they've been just trying to run like sync up so if you download all the blocks already and you're just trying to sync the state so execute all transactions in idiom the limiting factor end up not being processing but actually i/o because of just how we organize and state in the blockchain right so actually right now in this current systems we're limited by how much how fast we can read data from disk not even processing now even if we optimize that and solve that problem still there's like only that much computational power we have on one machine so the idea is like over time we need to scale up and kind of go over and if we're targeting for kind mass-market retargeting for you know ideally billions of users but you know what start with millions you do need kind of more than one machine to process your computation so we have this design called nightshade the idea is as I was mentioning before is that instead of kind of running lots of chain and parallel and have some synchronization mechanism between them so they'll a chain we can chain or some other way IBC instead you actually have one block chain and in the way it synchronizes everything every block and it gives you a lot of interesting properties one of them this is way simpler to implement but the other one is if there is anything that's invalid or anything that's kind of needs to be routed this can be resolved within one block and like if block time is relatively fast you now getting to kind of very similar space as when you're building for a CDM right now now like there's a lot of interesting stuff I will recommend people to check it out it's near the I slash nightshade our ask me questions later so Wayne mentioned a lot about that assembly like the benefit of an assembly is that it's not like our you know crypto community building some stuff it's like a huge you know movement there's meetups people document web assembly outside of crypto people who don't care about Krypton all so there's like a huge benefit of like tapping in into bigger community of like open source of people who are excited about building something runs everywhere and given like what we're trying to achieve is blockchain right new computational platform this seems like a perfect match was it for for what we're trying to do and this provides kind of a perfect platform for this so there's a lot of like tooling that's been built some of it is pretty mature still but you know that's kind of where we can come in with especially around incentive structures where we have in blockchain I can actually push through and actually build up more tooling there and the benefit is pretty much all of this and more protocols right now Prudential converging and users tooling spaceman she seemed to play no polka dot Oasis cos already been launched was that so this is not something new it's it's not something like people like thinking of this is happening right now so now and I think like the interesting comparison here is what I seem to play now is trying to design they're kind of saying well we'll just run something and then on top you can build any runtime environment from our perspective like we want to target developers who want to start building applications now and for that we actually need to build them a substrate pun intended that actually allows them to build applications in the like ways that they are familiar with so the way we think of it is that as a developer especially coming from like lab or mobile you are familiar already with kind of dodgy yes or maybe parse or some some tooling like this where you have a kind of back-end that maybe like is a multiple services interacting with each other have a some database attached to each and you can interact with it from the front and fried and we're modeling our runtime our kind of execution environment via SAP so we we did a lot of customization how accounts work to kind of solve a lot of usability problems but specifically we provide kind of you a key value storage like a persistent key value storage that you can access and tap into similar if you had like a Redis database begging up your not JSF and now actually I was mentioning cryptography so we are providing pre-compile cryptography because they're still slower sadly if we implement it naturally but specifically we adding async and this is the idea that as you build up in the started environments you actually need to communicate it asynchronously and you actually need to give these primitives to developers in a natural way such that they can build applications really easily so just do a few things to mention when when we talk about async the idea here is that every application kind of works on its own so like similar to a service right you're running a node.js service it's its own application it always communicates with other services they sync and it doesn't matter if it's the same data center you know around the world on the moon right so same idea here every contract or application runs kind of on its own and can call asynchronously any other contracts and you don't need to think if it's in the same chart and different shard and that's what what I was saying about fees you also don't need to think about that I got a prepay by gas as you enter and then doesn't matter which chart it is on the price is the same now like our runtime pretty much provide you a few tools so you can create a sink calls you can have callbacks which allows you now to handle a lot of like successful fatal cases example would be you know you go you try to transfer token it like was allowed to you to transfer but it's actually not there anymore here you'll get like an arrow back and you can handle that naturally you can have joints so you can actually call multiple different contracts train a hotel problem you can call multiple contracts eaves it succeeded handle the failures or handle the success on the join or and and then pretty much decide what to do based on that and you can do pass throughs which are very useful for example in your C 20 style contracts where you you know when the transfer somebody can't talk in and then let them know you actually did write right now you need to do two transactions they're not atomic it actually falls apart our can fall apart here you can just say Oh transfer to the person and then call a function or just as a contract and then call the function that contract so there's obviously there's a lot more primitives that needs to be built especially around locking actually my co-founder was at atheneum Denver earlier this year with product one it was a project that was resolving that locks in without having any centralized kind of routing mechanism so there's like ways to build primitives that actually solve some of the problems that we have is like in a synchronous environments and we will be building them up both on if required on runtime mostly as application on top now what is like all like all this runtime is kind of what blockchain provides but really it's all about programming environment so we want to make sure that developers can kind of easily tap in into this and start building so we have to kind of bindings that we provide so typescript is pretty much the language for developing Microsoft is JavaScript these types there's a team great team of engineers very small right now hopefully will grow but that builds a assembly script compiler that compiles typescript together assembly and the benefit of it is actually it's very natural for like a web developer who has been writing you know front-end of course be writing a full stack to start building this kind of applications and so it's integrators in VM you know it's npm install' you have dependencies for project those for us kind of assembly script parts one contract part and for front-end can be done in one environment now rust has way more kind of robust setup for this because web assembly is built by the same people as rust so there's a huge benefit of them building full tool chain for for compiling together assembly so we also added our kind of bindings which are very lightweight with just one macro on top of your kind of struct and it integrates this cargo so you can build up your food contracts really easily interests have lots of unit tests which you should and pretty much deploy them easily check it out now one of the thing one of the other things we did is actually kind of pulling all together into like a tool that a developer who doesn't know anything but blockchain can kind of tap in and start trying right that was like one of the things for me when I started to space which wasn't that long ago was like hey how do I even starts right like any to install like all kinds of tooling the versions for mr. lion like something didn't work I think I sent like to pool requests while I was trying to set everything up so here we have just a near the death our IDE which you can go you can create a new project from some templates and you can just run it and what what it does it compiles it and actually launches it on test net so you get a full app with a link with a front end that connected to a test not just in like 15 seconds which is like required to load everything and then you can go in iterate right you can start adding stuff and like screw around with it or you can download and do it locally enhance how'd it be the same thing so that's that's idea right like you and and like we use it as a fiddle we actually use it as like JavaScript fiddle where you can like show an example send it to somebody they can look at it some people like at a hackathon can actually build a full project in it because you can like share this link as a people can like plug into it and edit stuff but that's kind of the benefit of like hey let's get more people into this environment so just kind of finish yeah if you want to check out and like launch it for a smart contract in an assembly near the deaf we have a kind of program if you want to build a business on blockchain we actually help a lot projects that come to us so it's called beta program this involves post technical mentorship and like over time investment we have ambassador program if you want to kind of help out spread the word and we also starting to onboard validators our test net which in about a couple weeks we planning to open up a incentivized test net where the goal is to break it so just to kind of finish up one thing we're doing is actually producing a lot of content and so we have this thing called whiteboard series actually holds the projects to them here were there so we had adjusting from a theme to pray know we had sake from cosmos we had Alastair from polka dot and they had James from Summa we have about 30 videos right now and we're gonna have more so it's a lot like a whiteboard episode where you pretty much interview the person about the tack at the whiteboard in depth and this is pretty one of the greatest tech resources right now there that's pretty much it any questions so the question is is a way to develop applications the same as well with Webb 3 and guess so here if you like it's you can do that you can do develop in very similar way or you can make it like 10 times easier or you don't need to have guess so so here's a studio launch the app so just compiles it and deploys it to test it right now you can go to explore your protocol calm she's app and then here in studios there's a front-end code as well and you get this we also have a wallet and like few a bunch of other tooling to integrate so here's my contract it's not very sophisticated here just storing messages in the database in the blockchain a couple functions and you have there's a bunch of like boilerplate but there's a code for a front-end and you can download this and do the same thing locally just say an NPM deploy and you'll do the same thing launch it you can you know specify that you want to reuse local node remote node test NAT main add whatever is there there is GOI to yes it's different question is this a question no web suite Dutch and so we have like a journey of web 3 it's called near Lib which is like kind of library to interact with the blockchain and then so you just use it to interact with about you though this typescript is compiles into webassembly and is launched on the blockchain as a smart contract so instead of solidity you use typescript and then you can also write that script for front-end manages Amanda jess is just your front-end that's what you write like it can be touched it can be carry JavaScript yeah we can we can talk more after sure so as of a week ago it was pretty different as as of what was that day before yesterday yeah it became way closer yeah so like high-level kind of the approach we're taking is like pretty much simplify and make sure that you know we can build something performant right now that looks like on a high level on like specific level the sharding design for ECM 2.0 has been changing for last 14 months and have we have been looking at it so it's really hard to compare because like for example they just switch to kind of similar model to us to synchronize or like they're doing it like we're actually synchronizing every block and it's requirement they are trying to synchronize every block now like cross link cross link every block so so we require to cross link every block so if you don't cross link we don't make progress on char chains so we don't actually have start chains versus helium at least right now any new designs still have short chains but they are cross linking every every block and the idea is like you do need to cross link every block if you want to route sends a quaver you want to route and not have like price acid differences between shards so that's so then like we have you know fien like fee market that kind of smeared across all shards because as I was mentioning like I don't think there's anyway for developers to like men manage this if the price between shards is different we'll see if I can convince Justin on that so we just have one change so like that's what I'm saying in our case this is just one block and like it's a logical construct like it's a logical chain with actual headers that produced and then shards are not really chains they just get included into block like you can think of it everybody produces a part of the block it just nobody observes the full block yeah but like in the result it gets you exactly the same properties that you you pretty much have like synchronization so you can reroute transactions between shards within one block and you have like data availability issues solved and stuff like this like one of the things like we pretty much when shard is produced it's actually split into parts and sent to all of the other shark producers so they will respect on the block so they've seen sharp charred pieces for I also while you sending this you also send all the receipts so they actually have them in a little bit optimistic way and they need to go and fetch them there's this Caesar next block there's a lot of kind of like just pipelining that happens to make sure we can produce these blocks as fast as possible I'm not you know comment on the hidden 2.0 timeline but so our are like pretty much 98% of the code is there some github right now there's like 20 pool requests which was should be rest 2% the we're planning to launch like incentivize test net where everybody can participate I encourage everybody to actually try the idea is the more you break our system somewhere you reward it so like in our blogs collude with everybody you know - like for coffee chain long-range attacks you know anything you can do is greatly appreciated the idea is to like battle-tested and actually get all of the like possible security risks out the door kind of before minute and then depending on how that goes like plan would be to launch by end of the year or kind of January next year yeah yeah yeah sure so every specific thing yeah so so the way like run time like the way we coded in general our system is that it's split into two pieces so one is run time which is like you can think of just a database which you know receives bunch of transactions needs to process them and returns your new state route and then you have a chain which doesn't like as little as possible knows about the runtime and can do like what like deal with whatever like one of the examples actually took tender mint and plugged in our runtime into that called Near Mint so you can just run the same thing in mist Endermen consensus so here this is kind of the API that like you can fetch from the blockchain so for example which what's the current block index time is just timestamp on a block so same as a serum currently there might be some ideas and like DFT time or stuff like this but you should not rely on that that is a not it's not it's not a time like function or anything yeah it's just the timestamp from the block random seed so we have a randomness kind of not a beacon but just a like it's it's a ran down with pre-commitment and erasure coded so actually even if if you have one third less than one third of lineup or trying to kind of collude to not present the data you actually can recover their commitments so it's unbias above I mean thank you some of the world good night or well it is like denied like if they do not commit to to the number yeah so that is what originals prevents so if you have if you have less than one-third of the kind of people who are trying to prevent then you can recover recover from their commitments yeah so near the day I / randomness is to check it out and then law so one is like one of the cool things and you know given already have this how just show is you can for example log stuff so I think it's context dot log so you can actually just you know add some logging and actually so one thing but that's cool about how it's logging okay alright well yeah I'm too telling too much so one of the cool things about webassembly is that it actually runs in browser so like there's nothing yet right now but there's actually in Firefox a debugger for webassembly so in theory there can be a debugger like a full-on debugger for smart contracts that are compatible to webassembly that's in your browser so you can just debug this like right here for now the thing we added was to allow you to kind of really easily log so I'm coming from like writing bunch of machine learning code and in Python so I've been like used to writing prints everywhere for my laughs so but it's definitely bad as in right now in seeding where you just put a search and see where it fails yeah so here's the loggers just show up in the application right so you're gonna see like build a bunch of logging your smart contracts start writing interacting with it and then see what happens and kind of recover well if using a node you'll see logs in the nodes output yes or you can disable it I mean here you're not this is not the nodes logging that's you will see the logging in the notes like terminal so usually application is in one shard but we are designing how like multi shard applications would look like so one of the things is what we want to do is actually you be able like application be able to store data on a user account so right now it's possible kind of through hackery because our kind of user accounts actually support multiple keys you can actually deploy accounts deploy contracts on keys and store data under them but like going forward we're planning to support like so like some a game for example wants to store car like cards or kitties unders users account instead of storing everything in one huge contract all right so you can actually start like actually sharding your contracts as well so right now like with the Carn kind of setup we benchmark like eight hundred two thousand transactions per second per shard but we'll have like way better numbers in common weeks as like people starting to destroy our network so right now we planning just to cap it at a hundred and oh yeah thing I do mention we actually have a dynamic number of shots depending on the usage so as usage grows as more gas is spent we actually increase number of shards and rebalance where contracts go which also allows to solve for some of the fee problems because now you get like well you cannot rely on any of those things so when you rebalance that we're gonna cap out how to the hundred I think just for like safety reasons for now so if like people start like somebody decides to spam it but I think the the limitations here mostly on network and like health how much network you can push through and it depends on what valid air is run so like I think we'll see as we kind of among many blocks so yeah so you can you pretty much in one block you would like execute a function that would call and as a contract so that will create promises I mean this functional finish here but the hope the whole transaction will can finish many blocks later so one transaction can span multiple blocks as it processes across like jumps across shards comes back yeah it's great so closer yeah and suddenly right now like typescript the semi script does not support proper closures they kind of need to write functions but we work on it from tagging open Network so I did not read all 80 pages so don't quote me on that and their design has liked a lot more complexity around kind of handling different types of shards like from my perspective it looked like polka dot was near combined so like you have like multiple like part chains and each part chain can be charted and then they had like a lot of kind of different pieces around that how to like handles that but I'm not like hundred percent sure because I haven't actually looked at the code like how exactly they handle sounds us issues and we haven't done whiteboard listen yet so as soon as that happens you'll know more and I'll know more to the story probably a key value store this great for then all see it with a thousand protection for Charlotte star so storage you have already answers comment to be pricing everything my expensive and I expect you will have like that x thousand times no I'll probably do with that you know guess price of T that's a magic or wave let's do magic so we are doing storage rent so for example like how much storage how much I think this is like in a veneers like in one - a teens veneer so yeah it starts rent and like there's like a way to delete accounts for you and to turn out of storage and and and like when you recharge so when you're assured it's actually like accounts for how much storage is char takes to can try to balance them as well mostly balancing for account to you like for gas usage but also a little bit storage 15 seconds not so many melodies fumble to the next one it's really starting to make an impact and it seems like it's fun keep growing log and that was more and more deal with attacking just gonna have to wait I mean like you like right now you see diem under charges for storage we actually like have a like with storage rent you actually charging for storing data right and then the the actually going to more data will be like split into shards but I mean your I think your point is different your point is that current Merkle tree storage system in general is pretty like like the access time grows like logarithmically was it was more storage I think like we should just fix that problem yes I mean at least that's idea like we'll try to keep storage per shard within limits and then if if if some shard becomes big we can actually chop off some of the contracts into another shards like we rebalance contracts between shards like in somewhat up like optimistic way right but we can try to balance storage as well I didn't say we already plays I'm saying we should fix it and I'm thinking of how to do this but like what one thing you can do you can actually have a full-on key values like proper hash map or like that you have like fast access like you know memory mapped and everything and then you compute merkel is on top of it instead of accessing through miracle every time oh yeah so so encourage near to the I slash economics but like high-level we actually the idea is every shark has 100 validators so the more shards a more like hundred seats the more shards or more and then we run an auction depending on so pretty much everybody like sends us taking transactions saying how many near tokens they want a steak so we then order that and find AC price depending on all those people who wanted to steak and they get pretty much a proportional to their steak divided by number seed by price of seed number of seeds so it's like deterministic how many seats you'll get so what this allows to do is like instead of saying 32 ether is a limit instead find this price depending on how many people and how much they want a steak that's kind of the idea and then over time as the number of shots grow this seed price will go down so it would be become more and more accessible to become a validator so the previous values who have been not infinity pocket automatically get rolled in yeah it's every book every half day it kind of runs us I mean and like it's not really an auction is just like ordering lists and finding the dividing by the number so the idea is so that's kind of in 9 sheds ideas is producers and producers which is a shared set of like let's say 100 nodes and then the rest let's say look yeah they're hidden others says around ers they figure out which charts validating and assign the whole block so this hundred block producers they just rotate and produce blocks within that epoch and then you shuffle every one at a time yeah but but then so it's like hundred hundred nodes but then let's say you have eight shards the eight eight oh six hundred will produce charred parts short chunks they will they'll send it to bloggers than everybody rotates here I suggest we all get to you know start hanging out get some drinks enjoy our Saturday evening I really appreciate everybody coming hope you learned something if you have more questions let us know we have telegram discord or preferred and yeah thanks again","transcript_synced_at":"2026-11-04T04:26:27.520Z","segments":[{"start_seconds":0,"text":"I just wanna thank everyone for coming","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=0s"},{"start_seconds":8,"text":"that is you know we know how rainy and scary it's happening here due to rising","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=8s"},{"start_seconds":18,"text":"conditions I will not take too much time so we can now hit the bars and actually know enjoyed the rainy weather outside","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=18s"},{"start_seconds":27,"text":"while drinking inside so this was actually presentation for webassembly part so oh but I'll go quickly and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=27s"},{"start_seconds":36,"text":"mention some things about near protocol quick show of hands who actually is familiar was near protocol all right","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=36s"},{"start_seconds":43,"text":"cool yeah so we have a pretty interesting team which comes from a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=43s"},{"start_seconds":52,"text":"background in industry where we have built distributed systems so me myself I worked on tensorflow on distributed machine learning at","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=52s"},{"start_seconds":60,"text":"Google my co-founder alex and a few of our engineers worked on charlotte database called mem sequel which is used","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=60s"},{"start_seconds":69,"text":"by a lot of kind of evil corporations in the world we also have engineers from Facebook consensus our kind of core team","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=69s"},{"start_seconds":77,"text":"of engineers coming from this thing called ICM ICPC which is international competitive programming where you know you're given","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=77s"},{"start_seconds":85,"text":"five hours you need to solve blockchain type of problems and you get judged by that and we actually have a lot of kind","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=85s"},{"start_seconds":92,"text":"of founder DNA so nine people out of 30 actually has tried to start or started a company before so we raised really good","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=92s"},{"start_seconds":100,"text":"like crowns from really good investors around the world as well as we are about 30 people now and still growing so if you interested let us know now what is","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=100s"},{"start_seconds":109,"text":"actually building right there's a lot of kind of protocols trying to build a new for example token trying to build a new","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=109s"},{"start_seconds":118,"text":"application platform we're really interested in kind of building something that's accessible to regular developer","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=118s"},{"start_seconds":126,"text":"and is actually better than what people right now using them to all right so one of the kind of main","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=126s"},{"start_seconds":133,"text":"focus is on experience making sure developer experience and end-user experience is actually on par or even","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=133s"},{"start_seconds":141,"text":"better that existing systems like in general we think that this kind of platform can provide a new wave of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=141s"},{"start_seconds":148,"text":"innovation right because at least from the things we observe right now there's less and less new things you can build","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=148s"},{"start_seconds":156,"text":"on the left to because big companies like Facebook Google they can actually build the same things you can track what you're doing and pretty much push to","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=156s"},{"start_seconds":166,"text":"users products that are maybe subpar to something more innovative but pretty much take over the market right away now","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=166s"},{"start_seconds":174,"text":"to actually achieve that you need scalability so I we just had a great panel that was talking about how to like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=174s"},{"start_seconds":182,"text":"that from our perspective sharding or some form of like parallel processing is the only way to actually get the scalability","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=182s"},{"start_seconds":190,"text":"there's Lane before was talking about that you can actually scale up one kind of one change or some sounds of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=190s"},{"start_seconds":198,"text":"processing the from our perspective one of the main kind of concerns is that unless you start scaling up hardware and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=198s"},{"start_seconds":207,"text":"solana for example is an approach like that there's only that many transactions or make that much processing you can do","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=207s"},{"start_seconds":214,"text":"on one machine actually even more interesting there's been some work on medium right now if you remove all the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=214s"},{"start_seconds":222,"text":"consensus part they've been just trying to run like sync up so if you download all the blocks already and you're just trying to sync the state so execute all","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=222s"},{"start_seconds":231,"text":"transactions in idiom the limiting factor end up not being processing but actually i/o because of just how we","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=231s"},{"start_seconds":240,"text":"organize and state in the blockchain right so actually right now in this current systems we're limited by how much how fast we can read data from disk","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=240s"},{"start_seconds":249,"text":"not even processing now even if we optimize that and solve that problem still there's like only that much","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=249s"},{"start_seconds":256,"text":"computational power we have on one machine so the idea is like over time we need to scale up and kind of go over and if we're targeting for kind","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=256s"},{"start_seconds":265,"text":"mass-market retargeting for you know ideally billions of users but you know what start with millions you do need","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=265s"},{"start_seconds":273,"text":"kind of more than one machine to process your computation so we have this design called nightshade the idea is as I was","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=273s"},{"start_seconds":283,"text":"mentioning before is that instead of kind of running lots of chain and parallel and have some synchronization mechanism between them so they'll a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=283s"},{"start_seconds":291,"text":"chain we can chain or some other way IBC instead you actually have one block chain and in the way it synchronizes everything every block and it gives you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=291s"},{"start_seconds":300,"text":"a lot of interesting properties one of them this is way simpler to implement but the other one is if there is anything that's invalid or anything","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=300s"},{"start_seconds":308,"text":"that's kind of needs to be routed this can be resolved within one block and like if block time is relatively fast","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=308s"},{"start_seconds":317,"text":"you now getting to kind of very similar space as when you're building for a CDM right now now like there's a lot of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=317s"},{"start_seconds":326,"text":"interesting stuff I will recommend people to check it out it's near the I slash nightshade our ask me questions","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=326s"},{"start_seconds":334,"text":"later so Wayne mentioned a lot about that assembly like the benefit of an assembly is that it's not like our you know crypto community building some","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=334s"},{"start_seconds":343,"text":"stuff it's like a huge you know movement there's meetups people document web assembly outside of crypto people who don't care about Krypton all so there's","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=343s"},{"start_seconds":351,"text":"like a huge benefit of like tapping in into bigger community of like open source of people who are excited about","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=351s"},{"start_seconds":359,"text":"building something runs everywhere and given like what we're trying to achieve is blockchain right new computational platform this seems like a perfect match","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=359s"},{"start_seconds":367,"text":"was it for for what we're trying to do and this provides kind of a perfect","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=367s"},{"start_seconds":374,"text":"platform for this so there's a lot of like tooling that's been built some of it is pretty mature still but you know","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=374s"},{"start_seconds":381,"text":"that's kind of where we can come in with especially around incentive structures where we have in blockchain I can actually push through and actually build","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=381s"},{"start_seconds":389,"text":"up more tooling there and the benefit is pretty much all of this and more protocols right now Prudential converging and users tooling","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=389s"},{"start_seconds":397,"text":"spaceman she seemed to play no polka dot Oasis cos already been launched was that so this is not something new it's it's","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=397s"},{"start_seconds":405,"text":"not something like people like thinking of this is happening right now so now and I think like the interesting","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=405s"},{"start_seconds":414,"text":"comparison here is what I seem to play now is trying to design they're kind of saying well we'll just run something and then on top you can build any runtime","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=414s"},{"start_seconds":422,"text":"environment from our perspective like we want to target developers who want to start building applications now and for","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=422s"},{"start_seconds":430,"text":"that we actually need to build them a substrate pun intended that actually allows them to build applications in the like ways that they are familiar with so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=430s"},{"start_seconds":439,"text":"the way we think of it is that as a developer especially coming from like lab or mobile you are familiar already","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=439s"},{"start_seconds":447,"text":"with kind of dodgy yes or maybe parse or some some tooling like this where you have a kind of back-end that maybe like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=447s"},{"start_seconds":456,"text":"is a multiple services interacting with each other have a some database attached to each and you can interact with it from the front and fried and we're","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=456s"},{"start_seconds":464,"text":"modeling our runtime our kind of execution environment via SAP so we we did a lot of customization how accounts","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=464s"},{"start_seconds":472,"text":"work to kind of solve a lot of usability problems but specifically we provide kind of you a key value storage like a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=472s"},{"start_seconds":480,"text":"persistent key value storage that you can access and tap into similar if you had like a Redis database begging up","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=480s"},{"start_seconds":486,"text":"your not JSF and now actually I was mentioning cryptography so we are providing pre-compile cryptography","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=486s"},{"start_seconds":494,"text":"because they're still slower sadly if we implement it naturally but specifically we adding async and this is the idea","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=494s"},{"start_seconds":502,"text":"that as you build up in the started environments you actually need to communicate it asynchronously and you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=502s"},{"start_seconds":510,"text":"actually need to give these primitives to developers in a natural way such that they can build applications really easily so just do a few things to","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=510s"},{"start_seconds":521,"text":"mention when when we talk about async the idea here is that every application kind of works","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=521s"},{"start_seconds":529,"text":"on its own so like similar to a service right you're running a node.js service it's its own application it always communicates with other services they","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=529s"},{"start_seconds":536,"text":"sync and it doesn't matter if it's the same data center you know around the world on the moon right so same idea","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=536s"},{"start_seconds":542,"text":"here every contract or application runs kind of on its own and can call asynchronously any other contracts and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=542s"},{"start_seconds":550,"text":"you don't need to think if it's in the same chart and different shard and that's what what I was saying about fees you also don't need to think about that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=550s"},{"start_seconds":557,"text":"I got a prepay by gas as you enter and then doesn't matter which chart it is on the price is the same now like our","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=557s"},{"start_seconds":567,"text":"runtime pretty much provide you a few tools so you can create a sink calls you can have callbacks which allows you now to handle a lot of like successful fatal","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=567s"},{"start_seconds":576,"text":"cases example would be you know you go you try to transfer token it like was allowed to you to transfer but it's actually not there anymore","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=576s"},{"start_seconds":584,"text":"here you'll get like an arrow back and you can handle that naturally you can have joints so you can actually call multiple different contracts train a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=584s"},{"start_seconds":593,"text":"hotel problem you can call multiple contracts eaves it succeeded handle the failures or handle the success on the join or and and then pretty much decide","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=593s"},{"start_seconds":601,"text":"what to do based on that and you can do pass throughs which are very useful for example in your C 20 style contracts","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=601s"},{"start_seconds":609,"text":"where you you know when the transfer somebody can't talk in and then let them know you actually did write right now you need to do two transactions they're","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=609s"},{"start_seconds":617,"text":"not atomic it actually falls apart our can fall apart here you can just say Oh transfer to the person and then call a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=617s"},{"start_seconds":625,"text":"function or just as a contract and then call the function that contract so there's obviously there's a lot more primitives that needs to be built","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=625s"},{"start_seconds":633,"text":"especially around locking actually my co-founder was at atheneum Denver earlier this year with product one it","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=633s"},{"start_seconds":641,"text":"was a project that was resolving that locks in without having any centralized","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=641s"},{"start_seconds":648,"text":"kind of routing mechanism so there's like ways to build primitives that actually solve some of the problems that we have is like in a synchronous","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=648s"},{"start_seconds":657,"text":"environments and we will be building them up both on if required on runtime mostly as application on top now what is","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=657s"},{"start_seconds":667,"text":"like all like all this runtime is kind of what blockchain provides but really it's all about programming environment so we want to make sure that developers","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=667s"},{"start_seconds":674,"text":"can kind of easily tap in into this and start building so we have to kind of bindings that we provide so typescript","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=674s"},{"start_seconds":682,"text":"is pretty much the language for developing Microsoft is JavaScript these types there's a team great team of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=682s"},{"start_seconds":691,"text":"engineers very small right now hopefully will grow but that builds a assembly script compiler that compiles typescript","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=691s"},{"start_seconds":699,"text":"together assembly and the benefit of it is actually it's very natural for like a web developer who has been writing you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=699s"},{"start_seconds":707,"text":"know front-end of course be writing a full stack to start building this kind of applications and so it's integrators","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=707s"},{"start_seconds":714,"text":"in VM you know it's npm install' you have dependencies for project those for us kind of assembly script parts one contract part and for front-end can be","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=714s"},{"start_seconds":722,"text":"done in one environment now rust has way more kind of robust","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=722s"},{"start_seconds":728,"text":"setup for this because web assembly is built by the same people as rust so there's a huge benefit of them building","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=728s"},{"start_seconds":737,"text":"full tool chain for for compiling together assembly so we also added our kind of bindings which are very","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=737s"},{"start_seconds":746,"text":"lightweight with just one macro on top of your kind of struct and it integrates this cargo so you can build up your food","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=746s"},{"start_seconds":754,"text":"contracts really easily interests have lots of unit tests which you should and pretty much deploy them easily check it","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=754s"},{"start_seconds":762,"text":"out now one of the thing one of the other things we did is actually kind of pulling all together into like a tool","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=762s"},{"start_seconds":770,"text":"that a developer who doesn't know anything but blockchain can kind of tap in and start trying right that was like one of the things for me when I started","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=770s"},{"start_seconds":778,"text":"to space which wasn't that long ago was like hey how do I even starts right like any to install like all kinds of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=778s"},{"start_seconds":786,"text":"tooling the versions for mr. lion like something didn't work I think I sent like to pool requests while I was trying to set everything up so here we have","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=786s"},{"start_seconds":794,"text":"just a near the death our IDE which you can go you can create a new project from some templates and you can just run it and what what it","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=794s"},{"start_seconds":803,"text":"does it compiles it and actually launches it on test net so you get a full app with a link with a front end that connected to a test not just in","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=803s"},{"start_seconds":811,"text":"like 15 seconds which is like required to load everything and then you can go in iterate right you can start adding stuff and like screw around with it or","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=811s"},{"start_seconds":821,"text":"you can download and do it locally enhance how'd it be the same thing so that's that's idea right like you and and like we use it as a fiddle we","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=821s"},{"start_seconds":828,"text":"actually use it as like JavaScript fiddle where you can like show an example send it to somebody they can look at it some people like at a hackathon can","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=828s"},{"start_seconds":836,"text":"actually build a full project in it because you can like share this link as a people can like plug into it and edit stuff but that's kind of the benefit of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=836s"},{"start_seconds":845,"text":"like hey let's get more people into this environment so just kind of finish yeah if you want to check out and like launch","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=845s"},{"start_seconds":851,"text":"it for a smart contract in an assembly near the deaf we have a kind of program if you want to build a business on","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=851s"},{"start_seconds":859,"text":"blockchain we actually help a lot projects that come to us so it's called beta program this involves post","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=859s"},{"start_seconds":868,"text":"technical mentorship and like over time investment we have ambassador program if you want to kind of help out spread the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=868s"},{"start_seconds":876,"text":"word and we also starting to onboard validators our test net which in about a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=876s"},{"start_seconds":884,"text":"couple weeks we planning to open up a incentivized test net where the goal is to break it so just to kind of finish up","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=884s"},{"start_seconds":893,"text":"one thing we're doing is actually producing a lot of content and so we have this thing called whiteboard series","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=893s"},{"start_seconds":900,"text":"actually holds the projects to them here were there so we had adjusting from a theme to pray know we had sake from cosmos we had","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=900s"},{"start_seconds":909,"text":"Alastair from polka dot and they had James from Summa we have about 30 videos right now and we're gonna have more so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=909s"},{"start_seconds":916,"text":"it's a lot like a whiteboard episode where you pretty much interview the person about the tack at the whiteboard in depth and this is pretty one of the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=916s"},{"start_seconds":925,"text":"greatest tech resources right now there","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=925s"},{"start_seconds":929,"text":"that's pretty much it any questions so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=929s"},{"start_seconds":949,"text":"the question is is a way to develop applications the same as well with Webb 3 and guess so here if you like it's you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=949s"},{"start_seconds":959,"text":"can do that you can do develop in very similar way or you can make it like 10 times easier or you don't need to have","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=959s"},{"start_seconds":966,"text":"guess so so here's a studio launch the app so just compiles it and deploys it to test it right now you can go to","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=966s"},{"start_seconds":975,"text":"explore your protocol calm she's app and then here in studios there's a front-end code as well and you get this we also","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=975s"},{"start_seconds":983,"text":"have a wallet and like few a bunch of other tooling to integrate so here's my contract it's not very sophisticated","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=983s"},{"start_seconds":990,"text":"here just storing messages in the database in the blockchain a couple","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=990s"},{"start_seconds":997,"text":"functions and you have there's a bunch of like boilerplate but there's a code for a front-end and you can download this and do the same thing locally just","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=997s"},{"start_seconds":1005,"text":"say an NPM deploy and you'll do the same thing launch it you can you know specify that you want to reuse local node remote","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1005s"},{"start_seconds":1013,"text":"node test NAT main add whatever is there","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1013s"},{"start_seconds":1017,"text":"there is GOI to yes it's different","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1017s"},{"start_seconds":1028,"text":"question is this a question no web suite","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1028s"},{"start_seconds":1036,"text":"Dutch and so we have like a journey of web 3 it's called near Lib which is like kind of library to interact with the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1036s"},{"start_seconds":1044,"text":"blockchain and then so you just use it","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1044s"},{"start_seconds":1051,"text":"to interact with about you though this typescript is compiles into","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1051s"},{"start_seconds":1061,"text":"webassembly and is launched on the blockchain as a smart contract so instead of solidity you use typescript and then you can also","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1061s"},{"start_seconds":1069,"text":"write that script for front-end manages Amanda jess is just your front-end","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1069s"},{"start_seconds":1076,"text":"that's what you write like it can be touched it can be carry JavaScript yeah","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1076s"},{"start_seconds":1081,"text":"we can we can talk more after sure so as","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1081s"},{"start_seconds":1093,"text":"of a week ago it was pretty different as as of what was that day before yesterday","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1093s"},{"start_seconds":1102,"text":"yeah it became way closer yeah so like high-level kind of the approach we're","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1102s"},{"start_seconds":1110,"text":"taking is like pretty much simplify and make sure that you know we can build","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1110s"},{"start_seconds":1118,"text":"something performant right now that looks like on a high level on like specific level the sharding design for","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1118s"},{"start_seconds":1125,"text":"ECM 2.0 has been changing for last 14 months and have we have been looking at it so it's really hard to compare","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1125s"},{"start_seconds":1134,"text":"because like for example they just switch to kind of similar model to us to synchronize or like they're doing it","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1134s"},{"start_seconds":1142,"text":"like we're actually synchronizing every block and it's requirement they are trying to synchronize every block now","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1142s"},{"start_seconds":1150,"text":"like cross link cross link every block so so we require to cross link every block so if you don't cross link we don't make progress on char chains so we","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1150s"},{"start_seconds":1158,"text":"don't actually have start chains versus helium at least right now any new designs still have short chains but they","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1158s"},{"start_seconds":1166,"text":"are cross linking every every block and the idea is like you do need to cross link every block if you want to route sends a quaver you want to route and not","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1166s"},{"start_seconds":1173,"text":"have like price acid differences between shards so that's so then like we have","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1173s"},{"start_seconds":1180,"text":"you know fien like fee market that kind of smeared across all shards because as I was mentioning like I don't think","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1180s"},{"start_seconds":1188,"text":"there's anyway for developers to like men manage this if the price between shards is different","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1188s"},{"start_seconds":1197,"text":"we'll see if I can convince Justin on that so we just have one change so like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1197s"},{"start_seconds":1207,"text":"that's what I'm saying in our case this is just one block and like it's a logical construct like it's a logical","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1207s"},{"start_seconds":1215,"text":"chain with actual headers that produced and then shards are not really chains they just get included into block like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1215s"},{"start_seconds":1224,"text":"you can think of it everybody produces a part of the block it just nobody observes the full block yeah but like in the result it gets you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1224s"},{"start_seconds":1231,"text":"exactly the same properties that you you pretty much have like synchronization so you can reroute transactions between","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1231s"},{"start_seconds":1239,"text":"shards within one block and you have like data availability issues solved and stuff like this like one of the things like we pretty much when shard is","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1239s"},{"start_seconds":1247,"text":"produced it's actually split into parts and sent to all of the other shark producers so they will respect on the block so they've seen sharp charred","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1247s"},{"start_seconds":1255,"text":"pieces for I also while you sending this you also send all the receipts so they actually have them in a little bit optimistic way and they need to go and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1255s"},{"start_seconds":1264,"text":"fetch them there's this Caesar next block there's a lot of kind of like just pipelining that happens to make sure we can produce these blocks as fast as","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1264s"},{"start_seconds":1272,"text":"possible I'm not you know comment on the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1272s"},{"start_seconds":1283,"text":"hidden 2.0 timeline but so our are like pretty much 98% of the code is there some github right now there's like 20","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1283s"},{"start_seconds":1292,"text":"pool requests which was should be rest 2% the we're planning to launch like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1292s"},{"start_seconds":1299,"text":"incentivize test net where everybody can participate I encourage everybody to actually try the idea is the more you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1299s"},{"start_seconds":1308,"text":"break our system somewhere you reward it so like in our blogs collude with everybody you know - like for coffee","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1308s"},{"start_seconds":1315,"text":"chain long-range attacks you know anything you can do is greatly appreciated the idea is to like battle-tested and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1315s"},{"start_seconds":1323,"text":"actually get all of the like possible security risks out the door kind of before minute and then depending on how","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1323s"},{"start_seconds":1331,"text":"that goes like plan would be to launch by end of the year or kind of January","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1331s"},{"start_seconds":1335,"text":"next year yeah yeah yeah sure so every","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1335s"},{"start_seconds":1358,"text":"specific thing yeah so so the way like run time like the way we coded in general our system is that it's split into two pieces so one is run time which","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1358s"},{"start_seconds":1367,"text":"is like you can think of just a database which you know receives bunch of transactions needs to process them and returns your new state route and then","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1367s"},{"start_seconds":1376,"text":"you have a chain which doesn't like as little as possible knows about the runtime and can do like what like deal","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1376s"},{"start_seconds":1384,"text":"with whatever like one of the examples actually took tender mint and plugged in our runtime into that called Near Mint so you can just run the same thing in","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1384s"},{"start_seconds":1392,"text":"mist Endermen consensus so here this is kind of the API that like you can fetch","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1392s"},{"start_seconds":1400,"text":"from the blockchain so for example which what's the current block index time is just timestamp on a block so same as a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1400s"},{"start_seconds":1408,"text":"serum currently there might be some ideas and like DFT time or stuff like this but you should not rely on that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1408s"},{"start_seconds":1415,"text":"that is a not it's not it's not a time","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1415s"},{"start_seconds":1422,"text":"like function or anything yeah it's just the timestamp from the block random seed so we have a randomness kind of not a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1422s"},{"start_seconds":1429,"text":"beacon but just a like it's it's a ran down with pre-commitment and erasure","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1429s"},{"start_seconds":1439,"text":"coded so actually even if if you have one third less than one third of lineup or trying to kind of collude to not","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1439s"},{"start_seconds":1446,"text":"present the data you actually can recover their commitments so it's unbias above I mean","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1446s"},{"start_seconds":1453,"text":"thank you some of the world good night or well it is like denied like if they","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1453s"},{"start_seconds":1463,"text":"do not commit to to the number yeah so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1463s"},{"start_seconds":1470,"text":"that is what originals prevents so if you have if you have less than one-third of the kind of people who are trying to","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1470s"},{"start_seconds":1479,"text":"prevent then you can recover recover from their commitments yeah so near the day I / randomness is to check it out","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1479s"},{"start_seconds":1489,"text":"and then law so one is like one of the cool things and you know given already have this how just show is you can for","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1489s"},{"start_seconds":1499,"text":"example log stuff so I think it's","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1499s"},{"start_seconds":1503,"text":"context dot log so you can actually just","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1503s"},{"start_seconds":1513,"text":"you know add some logging and actually so one thing but that's cool about how","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1513s"},{"start_seconds":1521,"text":"it's logging okay alright well yeah I'm","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1521s"},{"start_seconds":1527,"text":"too telling too much so one of the cool things about webassembly is that it","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1527s"},{"start_seconds":1535,"text":"actually runs in browser so like there's nothing yet right now but there's actually in Firefox a debugger for webassembly so in theory there can be a debugger","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1535s"},{"start_seconds":1544,"text":"like a full-on debugger for smart contracts that are compatible to webassembly that's in your browser so you can just debug this like right","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1544s"},{"start_seconds":1553,"text":"here for now the thing we added was to allow you to kind of really easily log","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1553s"},{"start_seconds":1561,"text":"so I'm coming from like writing bunch of machine learning code and in Python so I've been like used to writing prints","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1561s"},{"start_seconds":1567,"text":"everywhere for my laughs so but it's definitely bad as in right now in seeding where you just put a search and","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1567s"},{"start_seconds":1574,"text":"see where it fails yeah so here's the loggers just show up","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1574s"},{"start_seconds":1586,"text":"in the application right so you're gonna see like build a bunch of logging your smart contracts start writing interacting with it and then see what","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1586s"},{"start_seconds":1593,"text":"happens and kind of recover well if","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1593s"},{"start_seconds":1600,"text":"using a node you'll see logs in the nodes output yes or you can disable it I","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1600s"},{"start_seconds":1609,"text":"mean here you're not this is not the nodes logging that's you will see the","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1609s"},{"start_seconds":1614,"text":"logging in the notes like terminal so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1614s"},{"start_seconds":1622,"text":"usually application is in one shard but we are designing how like multi shard","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1622s"},{"start_seconds":1628,"text":"applications would look like so one of the things is what we want to do is actually you be able like application be","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1628s"},{"start_seconds":1636,"text":"able to store data on a user account so right now it's possible kind of through hackery because our kind of user","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1636s"},{"start_seconds":1645,"text":"accounts actually support multiple keys you can actually deploy accounts deploy contracts on keys and store data under them but like going forward we're","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1645s"},{"start_seconds":1653,"text":"planning to support like so like some a game for example wants to store car like cards or kitties unders users account","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1653s"},{"start_seconds":1662,"text":"instead of storing everything in one huge contract all right so you can actually start like actually sharding","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1662s"},{"start_seconds":1668,"text":"your contracts as well so right now like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1668s"},{"start_seconds":1675,"text":"with the Carn kind of setup we benchmark like eight hundred two thousand transactions per second per shard but we'll have like way better numbers in","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1675s"},{"start_seconds":1684,"text":"common weeks as like people starting to destroy our network so right now we","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1684s"},{"start_seconds":1693,"text":"planning just to cap it at a hundred and oh yeah thing I do mention we actually have a dynamic number of shots depending on the usage so as usage grows as more","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1693s"},{"start_seconds":1702,"text":"gas is spent we actually increase number of shards and rebalance where contracts go which also allows to solve for some of the fee problems because now you get","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1702s"},{"start_seconds":1711,"text":"like well you cannot rely on any of those things so when you rebalance that we're gonna cap out how to the hundred I","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1711s"},{"start_seconds":1718,"text":"think just for like safety reasons for now so if like people start like somebody decides to spam it but I think","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1718s"},{"start_seconds":1726,"text":"the the limitations here mostly on network and like health how much network you can push through and it depends on","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1726s"},{"start_seconds":1733,"text":"what valid air is run so like I think","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1733s"},{"start_seconds":1736,"text":"we'll see as we kind of among many","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1736s"},{"start_seconds":1768,"text":"blocks so yeah so you can you pretty much in one block you would like execute a function that would call and as a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1768s"},{"start_seconds":1776,"text":"contract so that will create promises I mean this functional finish here but the hope the whole transaction will can","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1776s"},{"start_seconds":1784,"text":"finish many blocks later so one transaction can span multiple blocks as it processes across like jumps across","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1784s"},{"start_seconds":1791,"text":"shards comes back yeah it's great so closer yeah and suddenly right now like","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1791s"},{"start_seconds":1799,"text":"typescript the semi script does not support proper closures they kind of need to write functions but we work on","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1799s"},{"start_seconds":1804,"text":"it from tagging open Network","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1804s"},{"start_seconds":1816,"text":"so I did not read all 80 pages so don't quote me on that and their design has liked a lot more","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1816s"},{"start_seconds":1825,"text":"complexity around kind of handling different types of shards like from my perspective it looked like polka dot was","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1825s"},{"start_seconds":1832,"text":"near combined so like you have like multiple like part chains and each part","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1832s"},{"start_seconds":1839,"text":"chain can be charted and then they had like a lot of kind of different pieces around that how to like handles that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1839s"},{"start_seconds":1846,"text":"but I'm not like hundred percent sure because I haven't actually looked at the code like how exactly they handle sounds","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1846s"},{"start_seconds":1854,"text":"us issues and we haven't done whiteboard listen yet so as soon as that happens","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1854s"},{"start_seconds":1860,"text":"you'll know more and I'll know more to","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1860s"},{"start_seconds":1866,"text":"the story probably a key value store this great for then all see it with a thousand protection for Charlotte star","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1866s"},{"start_seconds":1875,"text":"so storage you have already answers comment to be pricing everything my expensive and I expect you will have","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1875s"},{"start_seconds":1884,"text":"like that x thousand times no I'll probably do with that you know guess price of T that's a magic or wave let's","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1884s"},{"start_seconds":1890,"text":"do magic so we are doing storage rent so for example like how much storage how","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1890s"},{"start_seconds":1899,"text":"much I think this is like in a veneers like in one - a teens veneer so yeah it","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1899s"},{"start_seconds":1906,"text":"starts rent and like there's like a way to delete accounts for you and to turn out of storage and and and like when you","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1906s"},{"start_seconds":1916,"text":"recharge so when you're assured it's actually like accounts for how much storage is char takes to can try to balance them as well","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1916s"},{"start_seconds":1924,"text":"mostly balancing for account to you like for gas usage but also a little bit","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1924s"},{"start_seconds":1928,"text":"storage 15 seconds not so many melodies","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1928s"},{"start_seconds":1940,"text":"fumble to the next one it's really starting to make an impact and it seems like it's fun keep growing log and that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1940s"},{"start_seconds":1948,"text":"was more and more deal with attacking just gonna have to wait","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1948s"},{"start_seconds":1953,"text":"I mean like you like right now you see diem under charges for storage we","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1953s"},{"start_seconds":1961,"text":"actually like have a like with storage rent you actually charging for storing data right and then the the actually","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1961s"},{"start_seconds":1970,"text":"going to more data will be like split into shards but I mean your I think your point is different your point is that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1970s"},{"start_seconds":1977,"text":"current Merkle tree storage system in general is pretty like like the access","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1977s"},{"start_seconds":1983,"text":"time grows like logarithmically was it was more storage I think like we should","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1983s"},{"start_seconds":1990,"text":"just fix that problem yes I mean at","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=1990s"},{"start_seconds":2002,"text":"least that's idea like we'll try to keep storage per shard within limits and then if if if some shard becomes big we can","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2002s"},{"start_seconds":2009,"text":"actually chop off some of the contracts into another shards like we rebalance contracts between shards like in","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2009s"},{"start_seconds":2016,"text":"somewhat up like optimistic way right but we can try to balance storage as","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2016s"},{"start_seconds":2023,"text":"well I didn't say we already plays I'm saying we should fix it and I'm thinking","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2023s"},{"start_seconds":2031,"text":"of how to do this but like what one thing you can do you can actually have a full-on key values like proper hash map","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2031s"},{"start_seconds":2038,"text":"or like that you have like fast access like you know memory mapped and everything and then you compute merkel is on top of it instead of accessing","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2038s"},{"start_seconds":2047,"text":"through miracle every time oh yeah so so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2047s"},{"start_seconds":2070,"text":"encourage near to the I slash economics but like high-level we actually the idea","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2070s"},{"start_seconds":2079,"text":"is every shark has 100 validators so the more shards a more like hundred seats the more shards or more","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2079s"},{"start_seconds":2087,"text":"and then we run an auction depending on so pretty much everybody like sends us taking transactions saying","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2087s"},{"start_seconds":2094,"text":"how many near tokens they want a steak so we then order that and find AC price depending on all those people who wanted","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2094s"},{"start_seconds":2103,"text":"to steak and they get pretty much a proportional to their steak divided by number seed by price of seed number of","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2103s"},{"start_seconds":2111,"text":"seeds so it's like deterministic how many seats you'll get so what this allows to do is like instead of saying 32 ether is a limit instead find this","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2111s"},{"start_seconds":2121,"text":"price depending on how many people and how much they want a steak that's kind of the idea and then over time as the number of shots grow this seed price","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2121s"},{"start_seconds":2129,"text":"will go down so it would be become more and more accessible to become a","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2129s"},{"start_seconds":2133,"text":"validator so the previous values","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2133s"},{"start_seconds":2146,"text":"who have been not infinity pocket automatically get rolled in yeah it's","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2146s"},{"start_seconds":2156,"text":"every book every half day it kind of runs us I mean and like it's not really an auction is just like ordering lists","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2156s"},{"start_seconds":2163,"text":"and finding the dividing by the number so the idea is so that's kind of in 9","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2163s"},{"start_seconds":2171,"text":"sheds ideas is producers and producers which is a shared set of like let's say 100 nodes and then the rest let's say","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2171s"},{"start_seconds":2181,"text":"look yeah they're hidden others says around ers they figure out which charts validating and assign the whole block so","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2181s"},{"start_seconds":2188,"text":"this hundred block producers they just rotate and produce blocks within that","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2188s"},{"start_seconds":2193,"text":"epoch and then you shuffle every one at","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2193s"},{"start_seconds":2201,"text":"a time yeah but but then so it's like hundred hundred nodes but then let's say","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2201s"},{"start_seconds":2207,"text":"you have eight shards the eight eight oh six hundred will produce charred parts short chunks they will they'll send it","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2207s"},{"start_seconds":2215,"text":"to bloggers than everybody rotates here I suggest we all get to you know start","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2215s"},{"start_seconds":2223,"text":"hanging out get some drinks enjoy our Saturday evening I really appreciate everybody coming hope you learned something if you have more","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2223s"},{"start_seconds":2231,"text":"questions let us know we have telegram discord or preferred and yeah thanks again","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY&t=2231s"}],"youtube_url":"https://youtube.com/watch?v=75hO1j-T1LY","url":"https://near-pedia.xyz/videos/75hO1j-T1LY"}